Anthraforte

Psoriasis therapy

Indications. The treatment of psoriasis.

Contraindications. Do not use on areas of the skin where in­flammation is present. Not to be used on or near the eyes. Use only on quiescent or chronic patches and not in acute eruptions. Precautions. To be used only on the advice of a physician. For external use only. Do not permit the product to come in contact with the eyes, since conjunctivitis may result. Do not ingest any of the product since it is cathartic. Exercise due care when applying to the face or intertriginous skin areas. If irritation, dryness or redness is noted on adjacent normal skin reduce frequency of application. If any reaction indicating sensitivity is observed, discontinue use. Tempo­rary discoloration of hair may occur in persons with white or gray hair. May stain skin, fabrics and bathroom fixtures. Wash hands thoroughly after using.

Dosage. Apply carefully once daily to plaque sites, avoiding unaffected areas. Leave on for 10 to 20 minutes only or as directed by physician. Remove by taking a bath or shower. Supplied. Each 50 g tube contains: ... Store between 20 and 30°C.

Aquaphor

(from Ichthyosis Focus, vol. 20, No. f, 2001)

“In general, the goal of taking care of ichthyosis is to hydrate (moisturize) the skin, hold in the moisture, and keep scale thickness to a minimum”.

(F.I.R.S.T. Foundation for Ichthyosis

& Related Skin Types')

Aquaphor Healing Ointment helps heal dry skin associ­ated with ichthyosis. Its unique petrolatum-based formula­tion combines a moist environment with the benefits of a semi-occlusive barrier that allows skin to breathe and absorb fluids.

Aquaphor is ideal for daily use because it is hypoallergenic, non-comedogenie, fragrance and preservative-free. Aquaphor Healing Ointment is safe enough for even the most sensitive skin.

Task 40. Comment upon the dictionary articles accor­ding to the plan: generic name and brand name; indica­tions; examples of the remedy’s appliance. Memorize the expressions that will help you to cope with content of some dictionary articles:

alternative approach метод лікування в альтернативній медицині

chemical name кімічна формула (назва) combination of therapies поєднання різних видів ліку­вання

commercial exploitation комерційне використання complementary medicine нетрадиційна медицина dietary supplements добавки (домішки) до продуктів хар­чування

extracted from the seeds витяжка з насіння a matter of debate суперечливе (спірне) питання survival rates рівень виживання; кількість пацієнтів, які вижили

Evening Primrose Oil (from NW)

An oil for medical and cosmetic use extracted from the seeds of the evening primrose, a plant (Oenothera) with pale yellow flowers that open in the evening.

The increasing popularity in the early eighties of complementary medi- • cine and its alternative approaches to health was particularly associated with a wish to use natural rather than artificial remedies. Evening prim- і rose oil, as containing fatty acids thought able to modify chemicals causing inflammatory skin disease, was of particular interest and soon became the subject of commercial exploitation. Capsules of the oil are sold as dietary ■ supplements, and it is increasingly used as an ingredient of soaps and cosmetics, although its effectiveness as a remedy is still a matter of debate.

E.g. Many women today take evening primrose oil to help with the" symptoms of PMS or to improve their skin and general well being. -4І Health Guardian Nov. 1990, p. 4.

E.g. The widespread belief .that evening primrose oil helps reduce symptoms of eczema and othe.r skin conditions is a myth, according to dermatologists from Leicester Royal Infirmary, — Guardian 18 June 1993, p. 4.

AZT (from NW)

Short for azidothymidine, a drug used in the treatment of AIDS to stop HIV from replicating itself within the pa- I ient’s body; now officially known as Zidovudine.

E.g. Patients with HIV have responded well to a combination of I licrapics. It is thought that a combination including the drug Retrovir (AZT), from Wellcome, and a treatment called Lamivudine (3TC), by Glaxo, is 10 times more effective than any one therapy, — Daily Telegraph 21 Nov. 1994, p. 5.

E.g. The US National Institutes of Health have apparently spent US $1 billion on HIV treatment research since 1984 and have pro­duced no treatment (AZT, DDI and DDC have all come from the private sector). '«- Outrage Feb. 1991, p. 22.

DDC (from NW)

A drug used, often in combination with AZT or another drug, as a treatment for the later stages of HIV infection.

The initial letters of 1H-, Droxy , and Cytidine, which make up the drug’s chemical name dideoxycytidine.

E.g. I attribute my health, weight and energy to everything from acupuncture, from Chinese herbs and selenium supplements to DDC, septin and rifobutin. — Guardian 29 Apr. 1995, Weekend section, p. 5.

Zalcitabine (from NW)'

The generic name of the anti-viral drug DDC used in the management of HIV infection.

The ('.nding-citabiiu: is apparently a re-wording of the last part of its chemical name, dideoxycytidine, with the invented prefix zal-added.

The name has, been in use since the beginning of t he nineties, but the drug is most commonly known as ddC (DDC), or under its brand name HIVID.

E.g. The project compared survival rates between people who were t reated with azidothymidine, or AZT, and those treated with AZT plus didanosine or zalcitabine.^ h*. Daily Telegraph 26 Sept, 1995, p, 6.

Task 41. Learn the equivalents that will make it easier to understand some medical terms:

Greek	Latin	English	Ukrainian (
bis, byo	duo	two	два
chilioi	mille	thousand	тисяча
deka	decem	ten	десять
epikrisis	opinio, ônis f	opinion	думка; ви­
			сновок
gnosis	cognitio, onis f	cognition	пізнання; роз­
			пізнавання
hekto	centum	hundred	сто
pharmac / o	remedium, ii n	remedy,	лікарські
		medicine	препарати
poieo	facio, ere	to create	творити
spasm/ o	convulsio, onis f	spasm	спазм
thi/o	sulfur, uris n	sulfur	сірка, сульфат

E.g. disulphiram (disulfiram) — a compound that causes a severe physiological reaction to alcohol and is used esp. in the treatment of alcoholism; milligram — one thousandth of a gram; dekagram (decagramme) — a metric unit of mass and weight equal to 10 grams; epicrisis — a critical or analytical summing up especially of a medical case his­tory; pharmacognosy — the science that deals with medical products of plant, animal, or mineral origin in their crude or unprepared state; hectogram — a metric unit of mass and weight equal to 100 gram; pharmacopsychosis — addic­tion to a drug; pharmacopoeia — a collection or stock of drugs; a book describing drugs; spasmolytic drugs — those having the power of relieving spasms, or convulsions; thialbarbital — acid that is used as a sodium salt for in­duction of general anesthesia by intravenous injection.

Task 42. Comment the article “The ABCs of Vitamin A” by Amanda Spake taken from U.S. News & World Report in terms of its pragmatic significance:

Fruits and vegetables don’t deliver the nutritional punch that scientists have believed, but they are still the best source of a vitamin crucial for vision, gene expression, and immune function.

That’s the mixed message delivered by the institute of Medicine in a report on vitamin A. Recent studies show that the human body needs twice as many carotenoids as previously thought — they are the nutrients found in dark green and yellow vegetables and citrus fruits — to manu­facture the same amount of vitamin A in the body. But that’s not to say that vegetable-rich diets are necessarily deficient in vitamin A. “A half of cup of cooked carrots meets the recommended dietary allowance,” says Robert Russell, chair of the IOM panel. The panel set the new RDA at 700 inicrograms for women and 900 micrograms for men.

Vitamin A deficiencies, common in developing nations, are rare in the United States. Indeed, for Americans the panel was actually more concerned about too much vitamin A. The scientists set an upper limit of 3,000 micrograms per day; more than that can cause liver damage or birth defects. Many multivitamins contain the upper limit or more, Russell says: “There are vitamin A capsules with 8,000 micrograms in them. The fact that these are even on the market, where there is toxicity associated with them, it’s disturbing to me.”

Task 43. Build medical terms using prompts:

1. One who specializes in pharmacology, (pharmaco...);

2. Science of pharmaceutical system (preparations, dosage, forms, and so on), (pharma...); 3. Use of drugs in diagnosis (...diagnosis); 4. The study of actions of drugs on the living organism, (pharmaco...); 5. Associated with altered pain perception. (an...etic ); 6. Loss of taste on both sides of I lie tongue, (amb...); 7. Hypnotics of the barbiturate group, in which the oxygen atom at carbon-2 is replaced by sulfur, (...barbiturates); 8. A branch of pharmacology concerned will the physical characteristics botanical sources of crude drugs, (pharmaco...); 9. The study of genetically determined variations in responses to drugs, (pharmaco...); 10. Treatment of disease by means of drugs, (pharmaco...).

(a — pharmaco...; b — ...alg...; c — thio...; d — ...ageusia; c — ...gnosy; f — ...dynamics; g — ...logist; h .— genetics; i — ...therapy; j — ...ceutics)

Task 44. Pass your judgement upon the following state­ments in a positive or negative manner:

1. “Diseases desperate grown, by desperate appliance are. relieved, ^or not at all.” (William Shakespeare). 2. “For extreme illnesses extreme remedies are most fitting.” (Hippocrates). 3 .“Our body is a machine for living. It is geared towards it, it is its nature. Let life go on in it unhin­dered and let it defend itself, it will be more effective than if you paralyze it by encumbering it with remedies”. (Leo Tolstoy). 4. “Formally, when religion was strong and science

weak, man mistook magic for medicine, now, when science is strong and religion weak, men mistake medicine for magic”;¹ (Thomas Szasz).

Task 45. Read the text. Think of possible answers to the questions and suggestions:

1. What do you believe is the subject matter of the chap­ter? 2. Say what you think of Echo’s actions after the visi­tors had gone. 3. Why does (not) the character described appeal to you? 4. Think of a title to an extract. 5. Sum up Echo’s actions in terms of their psychological and deonto- logical aspects.