Unit eight reproductive system

In the unit you will learn the anatomic terms from the texts “Female Reproductive System” and “Male Reproduc­tive System”, some additional terms with their definitions. You will also study some equivalents and do a number of tasks on word-building, synonyms and antonyms.

Some articles from U.S. News and World Report and Time have been chosen for your acquaintance with authentic English sentence structures and a mass media style of new presentation.

The dictionary articles will dwell upon some recent drugs used in current medical practice.

A passage from Hatter’s Castle by A. Cronin concludes the unit under review.

Anatomic Terms

Task 1. Memorize the words and expressions to the text “Female Reproductive System”:

ovum [ 'ouvam] (pi ova) яйце embryo ['embriou] (pi embryos) зародок fetus ['fi:tas] плід

prenatal development передпологовий розвиток uterus ['ju:taras] (pi uteri ['ju:terai]) матка fertilization [,f9:til(a)i'zeif(9)n] запліднення breasts [brests] грудні (молочні) залози ovary ['ouvari] яєчник

almond-shaped ['cumandjeipt] мигдалеподібний puberty period ['pju:bsti'piari3d] період статевого до­зрівання

a pear-shaped Грєз/eipt] грушоподібний orifice ['orifis] круглий отвір vagina [ve'd3ain3] піхва perineum [,реп'пі:зт] промежина

Task 2. Learn the additional terms to describe a fe­male reproductive system:

Bartholin’s glands — glands at the vaginal orifice, which secrete lubricating fluid parturition — act of giving a birth menstruation — a periodic discharge of the menses, or the period when this occurs. It is associated with a sort of bleeding from the uterus and abdominal cramps menarche — the first menstrual period of a girl in pu­bertyW&p

pseudocyesis [,(p)sju:dou'si9sis] — false (pretended, shaui) j)^g^fncy_A^_0<g'Qy

dystocia [di^ouKia] -^abnormal delivery (childbirth) menopause — end of the fertile period in the female intrauterine device — a device inserted into the uterus as a means of contraception

contraception — any method used to prevent fertili­zation of the egg and thus, pregnancy chorion — outermost layer of the two protective layers which surround the embryo

Task 3. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

Get ready to speak on a female reproductive system:

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

-The female reproductive system consists of organs which produce ovV Щіе fетя1<е §fix cells) an^ provide л,р!асе the growfch qf. the embryo¹ (a stage іп'ртІШҐdevelopment \ ’ in the uterusTfrom fertilization, which is the union of the male and female sex cells, of the egg through its second month up to the third month)».

Female reproductive organs supply special hormones that contribute to the development of female secondary sex cha­racteristics such as breasts, etc. Ova are produced by the ovaryД either of the ра|д; offa^gnd-shaped reproductive gl^Ms m the Toweibabdomen) from the puberty period (the fertile period in males and females) to menopause (end of the fertile period in the female). Release of ovum from the graafian follicle (sac in the ovary containing the ovum and producing a hormone called estrogen) of the ovary into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. The ruptured follicle fills first with blood, and then with corpus luteum (glandular tissue formed in the ovary which produces the hormone proges-

terone). Besides thg,gvaries the major organs uf pie female L 1 r^epro"ductive⁴Vysi:em include ЇШ~fallopian tubes. (іІеу^^Я horn like andserye as да^іг^І ducts,, pAW^for to 1

ЯІщШшШ ’ іftto thj>utejuJT^uterus, which“ is Щ р^аг^яІшр^Й' organ Jbltween the i&n^r^^laQaw^n^I f'he rectum, vagina,, і шїгсй; bp«rf£ to шЖЙге 'ЙГ tlib b^cjy 'and the еішйІГ'Д genital і ₍ї (vuh^V Yinvc& mcl®les vaginal fins, f-litofe frV^aB gafT^l^^ttivfeVtfesue) and ±he vaginal |and uretjiral ori-a fices. Tttesp gp^befweerT^he vaginar^rifl^'^nd ^nii^J:S ;:

ЧМІеа perineum, тЙІїсЬ W^rilktMes ouf’du^g cnildDirth/^/^ Ip a female reproductive system belong also thej>;bsast§, Jhev^^Wo mifc^i^{rci^^^3s%H^fiffi gd^ji|^v6i spe'sjaf^y , 1 gctiffi|pus dirclt^nil stti%?carrying''miIk to таe'^JrtlpplЩ РІасепта^ЙШкҐ alsobe теЖЗйгаІїеге as the spongelike vascular organ which develops during pregnancy in the Uterine -^аЦ- jTl^^fe^rals^S^i^cr^i^^^mar'^doi^t^iyp;^ Ш an^M cb^ibir^ftrf?mb^fe%nicl^i®'6u'nds та^ещЬґуоХ ” Щ ЯіШтег ІтшірЬАвдіЬе йіпйікАїі? ^Mli?nennbstofthe' eiirbrVo- і ii^^cftbran^^'l^c'U^Wid^' t^fr fetVstft щі amnionic cavity І surrounded by amnionic fluid.

Task 4. Study the words and expressions to the text “Male Reproductive System”:

gonads ['gonadzj гонади; статеві залози, які утворюють гамети і статеві продукти людини testis (pi testes) яєчко scrotum f'skroutsm] калитка (мошонка) a prostate gland передміхурова залоза spermatozoon (pi spermatozoa) сперматозоон motility [mou'tiliti] рухливість

Task 5. Learn the additional terms to describe a male reproductive system:

vas deferens — the.epididymis (a long, oval-shaped struc­ture • attached to the rear upper surface of each,testicle, consisting mainly of the excretory ducts of the testicles) runs down the length of the testicle and then turns up­ward again and becomes a narrow straight tube called the vas deferens. It carrics the sperm up into the pelvic region, around the urinary bladder, and then down toward the urethra

seminal vesicles — glands which are located at the base of the bladder and open into the vas deferens as it joins the urethra

Task 6. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Get ready to comment upon the structure of a male re­productive system;