- •Isbn 966-642-175-5
- •Передмова
- •Наприкінці книжки вміщено антиукраїнський словник.Unit one musculoskeletal system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •The human body
- •Clinical Terms
- •Osteomyelitis
- •Podiatry
- •Diskinaesthesis
- •Dysmelia
- •Ginseng tonic capsules
- •Mending bones with biological “glue”
- •Task 16. 1 — b (arthritis); 2 — c (osteoarthritis); 3 — d (arthro- pyosis); 4 — a (synarthrosis); 5 — e (diarthrosis); 6 — f (arthralgia).Unit two cardiovascular system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •The circulatory (cardiovascular) system
- •Types of cells in the blood
- •Investigators ... At the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., isolated actin and myosinlike proteins in human blood platelets. It is probably involved in coagulation.Spectrin (from sbd)
- •Task s. Choose the anatomic terms for the following:
- •Clinical Terms
- •Von Willebrand’s Disease (from sbd)
- •35Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Trinitrolong
- •Ramipril Against Hypertension: Pharmacodynamic Validation of Efficacy in Primary Lesions of the Heart and Kidneys
- •Digestive system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Digestive system and digestion
- •Dietary Fiber
- •1. Nutritio, onis f. 2. Digestio, Onis f. 3. Lingualis, e,
- •Impaired eyesight погіршення зору
- •Indolent ulcer неболюча виразка
- •Artificial pancreas
- •More spare parts for the human body
- •Human insulin via dna
- •Laser irradiation of indolent duodenal ulcer: comparative efficacy of different regimens
- •Significance of X-ray and endoscopic investigations of the stomach in examination of post-resection and post-vagotomy patients
- •Gastric pathology as ulcer risk factor in patients on chronic hemodialysis of various duration
- •(A summary from Terapevtichesky Arkhiv)clinical prognostication of peptic ulcer complications by acute hemorrhage
- •The course of reparative process in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer (clinicostatistical study)
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Theophylline pharmacokinetics
- •In chronic nonspecific intestinal diseases under different introduction to patients
- •Unit four respiratory system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Clinical Terms
- •In the terminal state of smth. У завершальний період
- •Artificial ventilation of lungs during reanimation
- •Task 13. Choose the proper terms for the definitions:
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Dpt adsorbed
- •Cromolyn Sodium
- •Beclomethasone
- •Task 24. Choose the proper term for the meaning:
- •Unit five nervous system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Clinical Terms
- •If everything — even dressing in the morning — throws you, if every little setback makes you throw a wobbly then you don’t have style.
- •Imaging (from lronw)
- •.Mnemon
- •U. S. Study links schizophrenia to physical defects
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Is administered by the intramuscular route вводиться внутрішньом’язово
- •Synacthen depot
- •Carbrital
- •Sulfazin (Sulphazin)
- •Task 31. Read the text and get ready to narrate it:
- •Unit six endocrine system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Endocrine system and its physiology
- •Clinical Terms
- •The dangers of steroids
- •Hormones 'double risk of strokes’
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Cortisone and acth1
- •1. The administration of cortisone has produced ... .
- •Unit seven urinary system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Anatomy and functions of urinary system
- •Kidney stones: 2 new treatments
- •Lasertripsy
- •Kidneys
- •Treating kidney cancer
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Overuse of Painkillers May Damage Kidneys Doctor Says
- •Unit eight reproductive system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Male reproductive system
- •Clinical Terms
- •In the “simple” mastectomy, the breast is removed but the
- •Coming: better diagnosis, treatment for cancer
- •A revolution in making babies New Techniques Help Childless Couples — Even after Menopause
- •Vasoligate (from sbd)
- •Vacuum Aspiration {.From sbd)
- •Task 23. Read the dictionary article and get ready to explain the meaning of this term as well as its etymology:
- •Pharmaceutical Terms
- •Selection of anesthesia technique during abdominal delivery in patients with severe forms of late toxemia of pregnancy
- •Unit nine sensory system
- •Anatomic Terms
- •Hearing and the structure of the ear
- •Summary or describing the structure of the ear and its physiological aspects:
- •Physiology of olfaction and olfactory organ
- •Taste and flavour sensation
- •І дтверджувати ascertain [„aesa'tein] — встановлювати (суть тощо); переконуватись у чомусь contradictory [,kontr9'diktari] — несумісний; невідповідний
- •Touch and somatosensory perception
- •The wisdom of the gut
- •Clinical Terms
- •Surgical Oblitaration of Frontal Sinus in Treatment of the Patients with Chronic Relapsing Frontal Sinusitis
- •Vitrectomy (from tbd)
- •Vestibulectomy (from tbd)
- •Keyhole Surgery
- •Diagnosis of Peripheral Vitreochorioretinal Dystrophies with the Aid of a Pathogenic Test
- •Aminoderm
- •Dimetane Expectorant-c
- •Norfemac
- •Searching for a New and Improved Prozac
- •Anthraforte
- •Aquaphor
- •Intensive care by Echo Heron (aw extract)
- •Task 48. 1 — d; 2 — g; 3 — f; 4 — b; 5 — c; 6 — e; 7 - a; 8 — I; 9®- h; 10 - k; 11 - j.Abbreviations
- •Abbreviations
- •Identify [ ai'dentifai] V — встановлювати, визначати, ідентифікувати
- •Immediately [I'mi:dj9tli] adv 1) безпосередньо; 2) негайно
- •Indication [/mdi'keij,(9)n] n — симптом, ознака, прикмета, вказівка
- •Pancreas ['pasgkrras] n Cf.: pancreas, 5tis n — підшлункова залоза
Digestive system
this unit you will learn:
Some anatomic terms pertaining to the theme “Digestive System”. These terms are in the text “Digestive System and Digestion”. A few additional articles are suggested to further consolidate the vocabulary studied.
The clinical terms have been picked up from the newspaper and the journal articles. They are “Artificial Pancreas”, “More Spare Parts for the Human Body”, “Human Insulin via DNA”, “Laser Irradiation of Indolent Duodenal Ulcer “Significance of X-ray and Endoscopic Investigations of the Stomach “Gastric Pathology as Ulcer Risk Factor “Clinical Prognostication of Peptic Ulcer “The Course of Reparative Process in Patients with Gastroduodenal Ulcer The exercises for the developing of your term-buil- ding and term-deciphering skills are provided as well.
The pharmaceutical terms are not very numerous but you <ire to know them when you want to be able to cope with some directions to the medicine which you may come across in your practice. The dictionary articles “Cimetidine”, “Carbe- noxolone” are from The Second Barnhart Dictionary.
A passage from the book Doctor in the House by R. Gordon will satisfy your curiosity as far as the results of the examinations previously described are concerned.
Anatomic Terms
Task 1. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
tongue [tAQ] язик papilla [pa'pila] сосочок язика pharynx t'faenoks} зів; глотка throat [Grout] горло esophagus [i(:)'s3fagas] стравохід
gullet [gAlat] стравохід
enzyme ['enz(a)im] фермент; ензим (ензими — білки,
що зумовлюють біохімічні перетворення в організмі)
saliva [sa'laivs] слина
antrum ['æntram] порожнина
ruga ['ru:ga] складка, зморшка
bile [bail] жовч
gallbladder ['go:lblæda] жовчний міхур sodium ['soudjam] натрій potassium [pa'tæsjam] калій villus t'vilas] ворсинка cecum ['si:kam] сліпа кишка
Task 2. Memorize the expressions to the text:
to be moistered with smth. зволожуватися чимось taste receptors рецептори смаку mucous membrane слизова оболонка oral cavity ротова порожнина gastric juice шлунковий сік further digestion подальше травлення hydrochloric acid хлоридна (соляна) кислота peristaltic waves перистальтичні хвилі (своєрідні скорочення) , властиві стінкам шлунка, кишок, стравоходу small intestine тонка кишка
the fluid by-products зріджені відходи продуктів large intestine товста кишка sigmoid colon ободова кишка сигмоподібна vermiform appendix відросток червоподібний
Task 3. Read the text, choose the anatomic terms and get ready to speak on the structure of digestive system:
Digestive system and digestion
The human body needs energy for its functioning. Our body assimilates proteins, fats, carbohydrates and other nutrients. The digestion of the starchy parts of food begins in the mouth where it is moistered with saliva. In the tongue papillae (lingual papillae) there are the taste receptors. Over the mucous membrane of the oral cavity there are many tactile, temperature and pain receptors. The teeth, the gums, the soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are important structures located in the oral cavity. In the oral cavity the food must be well chewed between the teeth. Then the food passes through
the pharynx (throat) and down through the esophagus (gullet) into the stomach which is a dilated portion of the alimentary truct pyriform in shape. The stomach is composed of a fundus (upper part), a body (middle part) and an antrum (lower, distal part). The upper opening of the stomach is called the cardiac sphincter and the lower one — pyloric. The folds in the mucous membrane lining the stomach are called rugae.
In the stomach the components of food are dissolved and hydrolysed by enzymes of saliva and gastric juice. Different gastric glands are found in the stomach. They produce hydrochloric acid and pepsin to digest food. The gastric juice secreted by the stomach possesses antibacterial activity. Pepsin converts proteins to smaller substances called peptones. But food does not enter the bloodstream through the stomach.
Further digestion and absorbtion of food into the blood takes place in the small intestine. After portions of the stomach contents enter into the duodenum they turn acid, but then the reaction rapidly changes because the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice is neutralized by the bile, the juice of the pancreas, the juice of the duodenal glands and intestinal crypts. The bile comes from the liver and gallbladder by means of special ducts. The. pancreatic juice, a colourless clear fluid contains sodium, potassium chlorides and is rich in enzymes which digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
Food passes in peristaltic waves from the duodenum to the jejunum and the ileum, which is attached to the large intestine. The entire small intestine has many projections called villi. It is in the small intestine where the so-called cavital and membrane hydrolyses of nutrients takes place. 1'he products of digestion are absorbed into the blood and lymph.
The remaining part of food (the fluid by-products of digestion) from the small intestine pass' into the large intestine which consists of cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending), sigmoid colon and rectum. The vermiform appendix hangs from the cecum. The rectum ends in the anus. The process of digestion is completed in the large intestine by the absorption of water. The unabsorbed and undigested components of food, the remains of the digesting fluids are evacuated from the body.
Task 4. Read the dictionary article with examples from The Longman Register of New Words and say what it is about:
Graze
Graze N to eat continuously in small amounts throughout the day, rather than at set meal times.
Traditional moal times are 'blurral' and;consumers ‘graze’ jMgjp nibble here and a nibble there, spread unpredictably across the day. ’
The growth of ‘grazihg’, savs the report, hits developed in the lastlO years, and its potential has not yet been recognized by the catering industry.
We cat on the run, 011 averager 6 times a day, grazing through packet after packet of crisps, nuts and savouries.
Task 5. Read the article from The Second Barnhart Dictionary and explain the difference between dietary fiber and crude fiber: