Trinitrolong

The medication called Trinitrolong provides more effective treat­ment of coronary spasms than Validol, Votchal’s drops and nitroglyc­erine. It not only effectively arrests stenocardiac attacks but also helps to prevent them. Trinitrolong is a gelatin plate containing one or two milligrams of nitroglycerine. The plate is simply attached to the upper gum. This is done if situations that usually bring about attacks of stenocardia may arise. Trinitrolong is effective for 3 to 4 hours until the plate fully dissolves.

Ramipril Against Hypertension: Pharmacodynamic Validation of Efficacy in Primary Lesions of the Heart and Kidneys

Summary

A clinical trial of 75 hypertensive subjects in stage II of the disease receiving ramipril monotherapy has established a marked efficacy of the above treatment. Individually ad­justed single doses varied from 2.5 mg to 7.5 mg/day. The drug was well tolerated and had mild adverse effects (dry cough) in 2 % of the patients. Long-term 12-week ramipril treatment in effective for hypertension doses is able to re­duce myocardial mass without inhibition of the pumping capacity in the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of the myocardium. In primary signs of nephroangiosclerosis hypertension correction was associated with improvement of filtration and an increase in effective renal flow of plasma. The above pharmacodynamic effects make it possible to con­sider ramipril an effective hypotensive agent with organo- protective properties.

(From Terapevtichesky Arkhiv)

Task 20. Choose the words which are the names of some cardiopharmacological drugs. They must correspond to the following definitions:

1. A medicine made from the plants with long spikes of thimblelike flowers. 2. Glycerin with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids used in medicine. 3. A steroid compound derived from the venom of toads. 4. Gelatine plates con­taining one or two milligrams of nitroglycerine which are effective treatment of coronary spasms. 5. An effective hypo­tensive agent with organoprotective properties.

(a — ramipril; b— trinitrolong; c — nitroglycerine; d — bufalin; e — digitalis)

Task 21. Read the definitions and then choose from a number of words which seem alike the suitable one:

1) causes, courses; 2) goat, gout, gate, gote; 3) rear, rare; 4) then, than; 5) cold, called; 6) game, gum, gem, gam.

(a. A disease resulting from a disturbance of uric acid metabolism ... . b. This medication is... Trinitrolong. c. Trinitrolong is more effective ... nitroglycerine, d. ... is a firm flesh covering the jaws on the inside of the mouth and surroun­ding the base of teeth, e. A hormonelike substance thromboxa­ne ... arteries to contract, f. A patient could not accept a normal blood transfusion because he had a ... blood type)

Task 22. Notice this structure:

I (think), (the medication) called (Trinitrolong) pro­vides (more effective) treatment of (coronary spasms) than (Validol).

Use this structure to make complete sentences. Make some grammar corrections if necessary:

1. Doctor N. (Ramipril) (hypertension) (Depressan).

2. Some specialists (Anturan) (gout) (Urodan).

3. Some English cardiologists (Practolol) (heart rhythms) (Vasolan).

4. The dictionary article (informs) (a steroid compound) (bufalin) as effective (heart disease) (as) (digitoxigenin).

5. Tiwari and Joshi Central Council for Research in In­dian Medicine (believe) (the capsules) (Shilajit) (as) (anemia, hemorroid) (bleeding piles) (as) (well-known remedies such as Hemostimulin, Coamid, etc.).

6. Dr. Peter Rentrop (Germany) (believes) (a clot-dis­solving enzyme) (streptokinase) (blocked bloodvessels) (some other drugs).

7. Some medical practitioners from the United States and Great Britain (believe) (leeches) (called in Latin Hirudo medicinalis) (as) (treatment after microsurgery to reattach small body parts like fingers, toes and noses) (as many other clot-dissolving remedies).

Task 23. Read an information about American Blood Institute. Get ready to make a short summary of it. Put some questions to the text beginning with: When What ...?; How many ...?

AMERICAN BLOOD INSTITUTE History

American Blood Institute, founded in 1989, currently pro­vides blood products and services to over forty hospitals in the Los Angeles and Orange County areas. Services and prod­ucts include homologous (one person to another) and autolo­gous (self to self) blood and blood derivatives, volunteer plasma collection, laboratory testing services, home transfu­sion services, and specialty blood products and services.

About 95 % of the blood transfused in this country is derived from volunteer donations from members of the com­munity. This is known as homologous blood. The remain­ing 5 % is collected as either autologous blood, which is the recipient’s own blood drawn and stored for future use; or as directed donations whereby the donor specifically desig­nates thé reci picnt. Since the récognition of the risk of trans­mitting the AIDS virus and other infectious agents through a blood transfusion, the number of aütologous and directed donations has increased dramatically, particularly in certain urban areas. In the San Francisco Bay area the autologous donation rate is estimated to be 10— 15 %.

Initially, the American Blood Institute provided only pre­operative donor services to a numbër of local hospitals in Southern California. In the summer of 1989, ABI also began to offer homologous blood products to hospital clients to help them address their continuing blood shortage prob­lem. In eàrly 1990, ABI began what has become a very suc­cessful Community Blood Program to generate its homolo­gous blood supply. To daté,¹ over three hundred companies have participated in the program:,.

American Blood Institute believes that just as health care is undergoing significant changes at the present time, the blood industry, in time', will undergo similar changes. ABI is in the developmental stages of a cost containment pro­gram for blood services that is intended to significantly affect the delivery and reimbursement for blood services.

(From Company Summary)

Task 24. Read the text and get ready to narrate it. Describe the examination you had to take using some phrases from the passage:

DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE by R. Gordon {an extract)

The oral examination was held a week after the papers. I got a white card, like an invitation to a cocktail party, re­questing my presence at the examination building by eleven- thirty. It is the physical contact with the examiners that makes oral examinations so unpopular with the students. The writ­ten answers have a certain remoteness about them, and mis­takes and omissions, like those of life, can be made without the threat of immediate punishment. But the viva is judgement day. A false answer, an inadequate account of oneself, and the god’s brow threatens like an imminent thunderstorm. If the candidate loses his nerve in front of this terrible displeasure he is finished: confusion breeds confusion and he will come to the end of his interrogation struggling like a cow in a bog.

The porter marshalled us into line outside the heavy door of the examination room. There was a faint ting of the bell inside. The door opened and he admitted us one at a time, directing each to a different table.

“You go to table four,” the porter told me.

The room was the one we had written the papers in, but it was now empty except for a double row of baize-covered tables separated by screens. At each of these sat two exam­iners and a student who carried on a low earnest conversa­tion with them, like a confessional.

I stood before table four. I didn’t recognize the examin­ers. One was a burly, elderly man like a retired prize-fighter who smoked a pipe and was writing busily with a pencil in a notebook; the other was invisible, as he was occupied in reading the morning’s Times.

“Good morning, sir,” I said.

Neither of them took any notice. After a minute the burly fellow looked up from his writing and silently indicated the chair in front of him. I sat down. He growled.

“I beg you pardon, sir?” I said politely.

“I said, you’re number 306?” he said testily. “That’s cor­rect, I suppose?”

“Yes, sir.”“Well, why didn’t you say so? How would you treat a case of tetanus¹?”

My heart leaped hopefully. This was something I knew, as there had recently been a case in St. Swithin’s. I started off confidently, reeling out the lines of treatment and feeling much better.

The examiner suddenly cut me short.

“All right, all right,” he said impatiently, “you seem t.o know that. A girl of twenty comes to you complaining of gaining weight. What do you do?”

This was the sort of question I disliked. There were so many things one could do my thoughts jostled into each other, and became confused and unindentifiable.

“I — I would ask if she was pregnant,” I said.

“Good god, man! Do you go about asking all the girls you know if they’re pregnant? What hospital do you come from?”

“St. Swithin’s, sir,” I said though admitting an illegiti­mate parentage.

“I should have thought so! Now try again.”

I rallied my thoughts and stumbled through the answer. The examiner sat looking past me at the opposite wall, ac­knowledging my presence only by grunting at intervals.

The bell rang and I moved into the adjoining chair, facing The Times. The newspaper rustled and was set down, re­vealing a mild, youngish looking man in large spectacles with a perpetual look of faint surprise on his face. He looked at me as if he was surprised to see me there, and every an­swer I made was received with the same expression. I found this most disheartening.

The examiner pushed across the green baize a small sealed glass pot from a pathology museum, in which a piece of meat like the remains of Sunday joint floated in spirit.

“What’s that?” he asked.

I picked up the bottle and examined it carefully. By now I knew the technique for pathological specimens of this kind. The first thing to do was turn them upside down, as their identity was often to be found on a label on the bot­tom. If one was still flummoxed one might sneeze or let it drop from nervous fingers to smash on the floor.

I upturned it and was disappointed to find the label had prudently been removed. I turned it back again.

“Liver,” I tried.

“What!” exclaimed the surprised man. The other exami­ner, who had returned to his writing, slammed down his pencil in disgust and glared at me.

“I mean lung,” I corrected.

“That’s better. What’s wrong with it?”

I could get no help from the specimen, so I took another guess.

“Pneumonia. Stage of white hepatization.”

The surprised man nodded. “How do you test diphtheria serum?” he demanded.

. “You inject it into a guineapig, sir”.

“Yes, but you’ve got to have an animal of a standard weight, haven’ you?”

“Oh yes ... a hundred kilogrammes.”

The two men collapsed into roars of laughter.

“It would be as big as a policeman, you fool!” shouted the first examiner.

“Oh, I’m so sorry,” I stammered miserably. “I mean a hundred milligrammes.”

The laughter Was renewed. One or two of the examiners at nearby tabled looked up with interest. The other candi­dates felt like prisoners in the condemned block when they hear the bolt go in the execution shed.

“You could hardly see it then, boy,” said the surprised man, wiping his eyes. “The creature weighs a hundred gra­mmes. However we will leave the subject. How would you treat a case of simple sore throat?”

“I would give a course of sulphonamide, sir.”

“Yes, that’s right:”

“I disagree with you, Charles,” the other interrupted for­cibly. They continued arguing briskly, and were still doing so when a second tinkle of the bell allowed me to slide out and rush miserably into the street.

Note

^tetanus — an acute infectious disease, often fatal, caused by the specific toxin of a bacillus (Clostridium tetani) which usually enters the body through wounds

Keys

Task 5. 1 — d; 2 5- i; 3 — n; 4 — h; 5 — 1; 6 — g; 7 — j; 8 — a;

9 - f; 10 - e; 11 - in; 12 - b; 13 - k; 14 - c.

Task 6. 1 _T e,; 2 - f: 3 - g; 4 - d; 5 —- h; 6 — i; 7 — j; 8 - a;

9 - b; 10 - c.

Task 7. 1 i; 2 s— e; 3 '-4 j; 4— g; 5 — a; 6 — b; 7 — c; 8 — d;

9 t- h; 10 f; Uift r; 12 - q; 13 - o; 14 - p; 15 - 1;

12. 16 - k; 17 - m; 18.- n; 19 - s; 20 - t.1 c; 2 •- pH b; 4 - g; 5-^d; 6 • c; 7 - h; 8 ® f; 9 - i.

13. 1

    Task

    Task

    Task

    Task

    Task

    Task

    r* b (atherosclerosis); 2 — c. (arteriosclerosis); 3 — a (arrhythmia); 4 — e (endocarditis); 5 — d (stenosis); 6 —* g (hypertension); 7 — f (phlebitis); 8 -- i (deoxygena­tion); 9 ■*« h (cardiologia),

15. 1 -- b (sleep); 2 -b e (heart); 3 — f (important)^ 4 — c (liver); 5 — g (pair); 6 — d (hear) (murmur); 7 m a (dear) (lose). .

20. 1 - e; 2 * V; '3 ® d; 4 - b; 5 - a.

21. a — 2 (gout); b |Sj§ (called); c — 4 (than); d — 6 (gum); e — 1 (causes); f — 3 (rare).

22. 1. Doctor N. thinks the medication called Ramipril pro­vides more effective treatment of hypertension than De- pressan. 2. Some specialists think the, medication called Anturan provides more effective treatment of gout than Urodan. 3. Some English cardiologists think the medica­tion called Practdlol provides more effective treatment of heart rhythms than Vasolan. 4. The dictionary article in­forms a steroid compound called bufalin provides as effec­tive treatment of heart disease as digitoxigenin, 5. Tiwari and Joshi Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine believes the capsules called Shilajit provide as effective treat­ment of anemia, hemorroid (bleeding piles) as well-known remedies such as Hemostimulin, Coamid, etc. 6. Dr. Peter Rentrop (Germany) believes a clot-dissolving enzyme strep­tokinase provides more effective treatment of blocked blood vessels than some other drugs. 7. Some medical practitio­ners from the United Stated and Great Britain believe, leeches called in Latin H.urido medieinalis provide as effec­tive treatment after microsurgery to reattach small body

.iW.t& like fingers; toes^and nosebag msipy^other clot-dissol­ving remedies.UNIT THREE