
- •Содержание
- •Technological processes control automated systems
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. True or false:
- •3. Choose the right preposition:
- •Automation
- •1. Define the main idea of the text:
- •2. Questions to the text:
- •3. Put the following sentences logically in the right order according to the text:
- •4. True or false:
- •5. Choose the right preposition:
- •Automation of processes
- •Vocabulary:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. True or False:
- •Metalworking - Historical Perspective
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Match the events with the correct dates.
- •3. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words / expressions.
- •4. Write a summary of the text. Drawing
- •Sheet metal forming
- •Forging
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Find the following word combinations in the text:
- •3. Match the words with the correct definitions.
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Cold and Hot Forging: An Overview
- •1. Answer the following questions.
- •2. Match the words with the correct definitions.
- •3. Write a summary of the text. What is welding and what do welders do?
- •1. Before you read say if the following statements are true or false.
- •2. Read the text. What is welding and what do welders do? Check your answers in the previous exercise. Prove or correct the statements.
- •3. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
- •4. Complete the following sentences with the information from the text.
- •5. Look at the list of types of welding and say which of them you can use.
- •From the History of Welding
- •1. Read the Text “From the History of Welding” and refer the statements 1-4 to each of the passages of the text a-d
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Say if the following is true or false. Correct the false sentences.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Basic Principles of Welding
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions.
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Find the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •Additional texts for reading and discussion Cold Forging
- •Hot forging
- •One of America’s great machines comes back to life
- •Designing with Protein
- •1. Fill in the gaps.
- •3. Which statement matches the text?
- •4. Which statement matches the text?
- •5. Which part of the text contains the idea?
- •6. Which part of the text answers the question?
- •7. Answer the questions:
- •Engineered proteins
- •1. Fill in the gaps.
- •2. Which statement matches the text?
- •3. Which part of the text contains the idea?
- •4. Which part of the text answers the question?
- •5. Answer the questions:
- •Existing Protein Machines
- •1. Fill in the gaps.
- •Genetic materials
- •1. Fill in the gaps.
- •2. Which part of the text contains the idea?
- •3. Which part of the text answers the question?
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •Molecular Technology Today
- •1. Fill in the gaps.
- •2. Which part of the text contains the idea?
- •3. Which part of the text answers the question?
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •The Baikonur space launching site
- •Tasks to the text.
- •1. Questions.
- •2. Find the English equivalents to the Russian words from the text:
- •3. Translate from English into Russian:
- •4. Render the text. What is the difference between a jet engine and a rocket engine?
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate the words combinations:
- •3. Translate from Russian into English:
- •4. Say if the sentences are true or false:
- •5. Translate the text.
- •6. Render the text in Russian according to the plan.
- •Russian: r-36 (ss-9), r-36m (ss-18)
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate from English into Russian:
- •3. Find the English equivalents:
- •4. Say if the sentences are true or false:
- •Tesla Motors
- •Corporate strategy
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Translate from Russian into English:
- •4. Say if the sentences are true or false:
- •5. Render the text using the plan:
- •Metallurgy - the technology and science of metallic mate
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Say if the sentences are true or false:
- •3. Translate the words into Russian:
- •4. Translate from Russian into English:
- •5. Render the text according to the plan:
- •Text 1. Automobile
- •Assignments:
- •True, false or not given.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Text 2. Audi: Bodyshells, Space frame and
- •Assignments:
- •Correct the mistakes, if any.
- •Fill in the gaps, be true to the meaning of the original text.
- •Text 3. Honda cr-V
- •Choose from the list the heading which best summarises each part of the article, there are four extra headings which you don’t need to use
- •Choose the answer (a, b, c or d) which you think fits best according to the text
- •Text 4. ‘NoName’
- •Choose the best title of the text.
- •Text 5. Volkswagen Passat
- •Assignments:
- •Answer the questions
- •True, false, or not given
- •S ome extra texts to enjoy and ponder on
- •Text e. Surface treatments of light alloys
- •Digital Signal Processing 1 (dsp)
- •VI. Match the words in the right and left columns to make up a word expression from the text:
- •Vocabulary
- •VI. Match the words in the right and left columns to make up a word expression from the text:
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Answer the question:
- •II. Decide which statement matches the text:
- •III. Decide which statement does not match the text:
- •IV. Decide which definitions match the following terms:
- •V. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list below:
- •VI. Match the words in the right and left columns to make up a word expression from the text:
- •Computed Tomography
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Answer the question:
- •II. Decide which statement matches the text:
- •III. Decide which statement does not match the text:
- •IV. Decide which definitions match the following terms:
- •V. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list below:
- •VI. Match the words in the right and left columns to make up a word expression from the text:
- •Telecommunications
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Answer the question:
- •II. Decide which statement matches the text:
- •III. Decide which statement does not match the text:
- •IV. Decide which definitions match the following terms:
- •V. Fill in the gaps with the words from the list below:
- •VI. Match the words in the right and left columns to make up a word expression from the text:
- •Terminology
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Fill in the gaps:
- •3. Match parts of the notions:
- •4. Say what is true and what is false:
- •Optical instruments
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Fill in the gaps:
- •3. Say what is false and what is true:
- •4. Match the halves of the sentences:
- •Some extra texts to enjoy and ponder on Text 1. In Space and On Earth, Why Build It, When a Robot Can Build It for You?
- •Text 2. Controlling Light at Will: Metamaterials Will Change Optics
- •Text 3. Nasa Sub-Scale Solid-Rocket Motor Tests Material for Space Launch System
- •Text 4. Photography
- •Text 5. Atmospheric optics
- •Text 6. Brown Liquor and Solar Cells to Provide Sustainable Electricity
- •Text 7. Hard Electronics: Hall Effect Magnetic Field Sensors for High Temperatures and Harmful Radiation Environments
- •Text 8. Nanopower: Avoiding Electrolyte Failure in NanoscaleLithum Batteries
- •Text 9. Better Organic Electronics: Researchers Show the Way Forward for Improving Organic and Molecular Electronic Devices
- •Text 10. New High Definition Fiber Tracking Reveals Damage Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury
- •Text 11. Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Quantum Computer Get Nudge from New Research
- •Text 12. Brain-Imaging Technique Predicts Who Will Suffer Cognitive Decline Over Time
Text 10. New High Definition Fiber Tracking Reveals Damage Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury
A powerful new imaging technique called High Definition Fiber Tracking (HDFT) will allow doctors to clearly see for the first time neural connections broken by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other neurological disorders, much like X-rays show a fractured bone, according to researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in a report published online in the Journal of Neurosurgery.
In the report, the researchers describe the case of a 32-year-old man who wasn't wearing a helmet when his all-terrain vehicle crashed. Initially, his CT scans showed bleeding and swelling on the right side of the brain, which controls left-sided body movement. A week later, while the man was still in a coma, a conventional MRI scan showed brain bruising and swelling in the same area. When he awoke three weeks later, the man couldn't move his left leg, arm and hand.
"There are about 1.7 million cases of TBI in the country each year, and all too often conventional scans show no injury or show improvement over time even though the patient continues to struggle," said co-senior author and UPMC neurosurgeon David O. Okonkwo, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pitt School of Medicine. "Until now, we have had no objective way of identifying how the injury damaged the patient's brain tissue, predicting how the patient would fare, or planning rehabilitation to maximize the recovery."
HDFT might be able to provide those answers, said co-senior author Walter Schneider, Ph.D., professor of psychology at Pitt's Learning Research and Development Center (LRDC), who led the team that developed the technology. Data from sophisticated MRI scanners is processed through computer algorithms to reveal the wiring of the brain in vivid detail and to pinpoint breaks in the cables, called fiber tracts. Each tract contains millions of neuronal connections.
"In our experiments, HDFT has been able to identify disruptions in neural pathways with a clarity that no other method can see," Dr. Schneider said. "With it, we can virtually dissect 40 major fiber tracts in the brain to find damaged areas and quantify the proportion of fibers lost relative to the uninjured side of the brain or to the brains of healthy individuals. Now, we can clearly see breaks and identify which parts of the brain have lost connections."
HDFT scans of the study patient's brain were performed four and 10 months after he was injured; he also had another scan performed with current state-of the-art diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), an imaging modality that collects data points from 51 directions, while HDFT is based on data from 257 directions. For the latter, the injury site was compared to the healthy side of his brain, as well as to HDFT brain scans from six healthy individuals.
Only the HDFT scan identified a lesion in a motor fiber pathway of the brain that correlated with the patient's symptoms of left-sided weakness, including mostly intact fibers in the region controlling his left leg and extensive breaks in the region controlling his left hand. The patient eventually recovered movement in his left leg and arm by six months after the accident, but still could not use his wrist and fingers effectively 10 months later.
Memory loss, language problems, personality changes and other brain changes occur with TBI, which the researchers are exploring with HDFT in other research protocols.
UPMC neurosurgeons also have used the technology to supplement conventional imaging, noted Robert Friedlander, M.D., professor and chair, Department of Neurological Surgery, Pitt School of Medicine, and UPMC Endowed Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurobiology. He is not a member of this research study.
"I have used HDFT scans to map my approach to removing certain tumors and vascular abnormalities that lie in areas of the brain that cannot be reached without going through normal tissue," he said. "It shows me where significant functional pathways are relative to the lesion, so that I can make better decisions about which fiber tracts must be avoided and what might be an acceptable sacrifice to maintain the patient's best quality of life after surgery."
Dr. Okonkwo noted that the patient and his family were relieved to learn that there was evidence of brain damage to explain his ongoing difficulties. The team continues to evaluate and validate HDFT's utility as a brain imaging tool, so it is not yet routinely available.
"We have been wowed by the detailed, meaningful images we can get with this technology," Dr. Okonkwo said. "HDFT has the potential to be a game-changer in the way we handle TBI and other brain disorders."
Co-authors include lead author Samuel L. Shin, Ph.D., Allison J. Hricik, M.S., Megan Maserati, and Ava M. Puccio, Ph.D., all of the Department of Neurological Surgery; Timothy Verstynen, Ph.D., SudhirPathak, M.S., and Kevin Jarbo, all of LRDC; and Sue R. Beers, of the Department of Psychiatry, all of the University of Pittsburgh.