3. Translate from Russian into English:

• инженер-электрик, физик и изобретатель

• разработанный на основе оригинальной конструкции

• в два раза эффективнее, чем

• расширить продажи праворульных машин

• машина впервые была показана

• растущее число собственных автосалонов

• запатентованные запчасти для электродвигателей

• маленькая частная новая фирма

• планирует запустить в производство

4. Say if the sentences are true or false:

1. The design of the motor came to the inventor in the dream.

2. The first automobile used lithium-ion battery cells.

3. The base model is the same as energy efficient as the Toyota Prius.

4. Tesla had delivered more than 1,500 Roadsters in at least 50 countries.

5. The company cooperates with General Motors.

6. The company base model is very cheap because of the new technology they use in design.

7. They are going to put on the market the sedan car in 2012.

8. The company’s new vehicle has the code name The Black Star.

9. The company doesn’t produce spare parts for electric motors.

5. Render the text using the plan:

1. The beginning of the company

2. The first company’s vehicle

3. The model under construction

4. Three parts and goals of company’s success

5. The price for their cars

Metallurgy - the technology and science of metallic mate

Metallurgy as a branch of engineering is concerned with the production of metals and alloys, their adaptation to use, and their performance in service. As a science, metallurgy is concerned with the chemical reactions involved in the processes by which metals are produced and the chemical, physical, and mechanical behavior of metallic materials.

The field of metallurgy may be divided into process metallurgy (production metallurgy, extractive metallurgy) and physical metallurgy. In this system metal processing is considered to be a part of process metallurgy and the mechanical behavior of metals a part of physical metallurgy.

Different metals require different combinations of operations and processes, but typically the production of a metal involves two major steps. The first is production of an impure metal from ore minerals, commonly oxides or sulfides, and the second is the refining of the reduced impure metal, for example, by selective oxidation of impurities or by electrolysis.

Physical metallurgy investigates the effects of composition and treatment on the structure of metals and the relations of the structure to the properties of metals. Physical metallurgy is also concerned with the engineering applications of scientific principles to the fabrication, mechanical treatment heat treatment, and service behavior of metals.

The structure of metals consists of their crystal structure, which is investigated by x- ray, electron, and neutron diffraction, their microstructure, which is the subject of metallography, and their macrostructure. Crystal imperfections, which provide mechanisms for processes occurring in solid metals, are investigated by x-ray diffraction and metallographic methods, especially electron microscopy. The microstructure is determined by the constituent phases and the geometrical arrangement of the microcrystal formed by those phases. Macrostructure is important in industrial metals. It involves chemical and physical in homogeneities on a scale larger than microscopic. Examples are flow lines in steel forgings and blowholes in castings.

Phase transformations occurring in the solid state underlie many heat-treatment operations. The thermodynamics and kinetics of these transformations are a major concern of physical metallurgy. Physical metallurgy also investigates changes in the structure and properties resulting from mechanical working of metals.