The main specific categories of the english sentence. The Structural Classification of Sentence.

Translation development is one of the key issues for few last decades. To translate accurate from English firstly we must comprehend the language system. In comparison with Russian English word order is more strict. e.g.: He is glad to help you has in Russian several variants : Он рад нам помочь or Помочь нам он рад or Рад он помочь нам . By this translation is more difficult because when we come across some grammatical structures which are peculiar for target language do not possibly have equivalent in source language. Present research paper is dedicated to the translation of syntactical complexes which represent grammatical constructions that do not direct equivalents in Russian. Due to the fact that they have second predication such sentences occupy middle position between simple and composite sentences. This peculiarity often confuses the beginner translator. In this work we will try to identify some common rules and helpful methods in order to ease the translation of sentences with syntactical complexes.

First of all let us identify what is a sentence. Yet many theories try and answer this question by hundreds of attempts. And still we do not have one formula. But two theories are widely spread among the grammar books: a) a sentence is a group of words that contains unsubordinated subject and predicate and b) a sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought. The first theory does not fully describes a sentence. And so we can mention that a sentence is not merely a group of words but an unity that represents syntactical system of a given language.

Although we try and manage to find approximate definition of sentence , its classification is also not ease task too. Basely sentences are regarded from the view of: first - their communicative value, and second - their structure.

According to the point of view of their communicative value sentences are divided into four types: declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory. Thus expressing different communication and emotions: statement, question, commands and exclamations respectively.

Declarative: He wrote letter 3 days later.

Imperative: Listen and try to understand.

Interrogative: Will we meet again?

Exclamatory: What an amazing view!

But our attention will be given to the structural classification of sentences. From this point of view sentences can be divided into:

1) simple or composite 2) complete or incomplete 3) two-member or one-member 4) extended or unextended.

It is necessary for us to remember that the sentence can be divided into: principal and secondary parts and independed elements. The principal parts of sentence are the subject and the predicate. The secondary parts are attribute, the object and the adverbial modifier.

Translation of the Syntactical Complexes.

As we know Modern English has several ways of expressing secondary predication: complex object, complex subject, the prepositional infinitive phrase, the for-phrase , the absolute construction. And their classification also differs in various books.