III. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, пользуясь информацией из текста
What electrical force does a single cell from a flashlight create?
Electrons don't move from atom to atom without a reason, do they?
Are voltage and current the same thing?
What causes the push within the battery ?
What is voltage?
What is current?
IV. Дополните следующие предложения фактами из текста
1. A series of pipes carry the water down from…
2. Without this push, the electrons would be happy to remain…
3. A transistor radio battery creates an electrical force of …
4. Electrons don't move from atom to atom without …
5. Voltage and current are not the same thing, although they are closely…
V. Переведите предложения, содержащие условие
1. If all of the faucets in your house are closed, no water flows through the pipes.
2. If electrons are flowing, there is an electrical force somewhere.
3. If a wire were held against an electrified body, electricity would flow along the wire to its other end.
4. If the battery gets old, its chemical reaction slows down.
5. If an electromotive force is applied to a path, the electrons will move toward the point of higher potential.
VI. Образуйте от следующих глаголов различные части речи и переведите их на русский язык
To move - двигаться , to act - действовать , to illustrate - демонстрировать, to apply - применять , to move - двигать , to mean - значить, означать , to resist - сопротивляться
VII. Для данных слов и выражений из а) найдите соответствующие эквиваленты из б)
a)1.as well as; 2. on the contrary; 3. for this reason; 4. on the basis of; 5. nevertheless; 6. in spite of; 7. under given conditions; 8. as a result; 9. under consideration; 10. by means of.
б) 1. в данных условиях; 2. несмотря на; 3. в результате ; 4. при помощи; 5. тем не менее; 6. наоборот; 7. на основе чего-л.; 8. по этой причине; 9. рассматриваемый; 10. таким же образом.
VIII. Составьте все возможные виды вопросов к следующим предложениям
This flow of water is similar to electrical сurrent.
You know that high voltage is dangerous.
The parallel circuit provides two or more paths for current flow.
Voltage is the pressure pushing on the electrons in a circuit.
The excess electrons will flow towards the point of deficiency.
IX. Расскажите, какая информация в тексте является для вас новой, а какая вам уже известна
Homereading
Прочитайте текст и скажите, является ли утверждение верным
Voltage is always referred to as the force motivating electrons to flow. An electric circuit is formed when a conductive path is created to allow free electrons to continuously move. This continuous movement of free electrons through the conductors of a circuit is called a current, and it is often referred to in terms of "flow," just like the flow of a liquid through a hollow pipe.
The force motivating electrons to "flow" in a circuit is called voltage. Voltage is a specific measure of potential energy that is always relative between two points. When we speak of a certain amount of voltage being present in a circuit, we are referring to the measurement of how much potential energy exists to move electrons from one particular point in that circuit to another particular point. Without reference to two particular points, the term " voltage " has no meaning.
Free electrons tend to move through conductors with some degree of friction, or opposition to motion. This opposition to motion is more properly called resistance. The amount of current in a circuit depends on the amount of voltage available to motivate the electrons, and also the amount of resistance in the circuit to oppose electron flow. Just like voltage resistance is a quantity relative between two points. For this reason, the quantities of voltage and resistance are often stated as being "between" or "across" two points in a circuit.
To be able to make meaningful statements about these quantities in circuits, we need to be able to describe their quantities in the same way that we might quantify mass, temperature, volume, length, or any other kind of physical quantity. For mass we might use the units of "kilogram" or "gram." For temperature we might use degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. Here are the standard units of measurement for electrical current, voltage, and resistance:
The "symbol" given for each quantity is the standard alphabetical letter used to represent that quantity in an algebraic equation. Standardized letters like these are common in the disciplines of physics and engineering, and are internationally recognized. The "unit abbreviation" for each quantity represents the alphabetical symbol used as a shorthand notation for its particular unit of measurement. And, yes, that strange-looking "horseshoe" symbol is the capital Greek letter Ω, just a character in a foreign alphabet.
Lesson 7
Electric power transmission