Unit 2. Regional development: industries

 

Compulsory vocabulary

·         capital goods industry/ consumer goods industry

·         heavy/light industry

·         R&D

·         nuclear process plant; nuclear power station

·         co-generation plant

·         metal manufacture, metal using industry, metallurgy, steelworks; non-ferrous metal plants

·         aluminium smelting, iron ore smelting, iron/steel manufacture; foundry; tin mining; castings

·         heavy/light engineering; power engineering; mechanical engineering; aircraft construction

·         research-based industry; electrical and electronic engineering

·         chemicals, petrochemicals; petrochemistry

·         precision instruments; machine tools

·         coalmining, coalmining works

·         shipbuilding, ship repairing, marine engineering

·         oil refining, oil refinery, offshore oil industry, oil-extracting, crude oil

·         quarrying/excavating

·         paper making, printing, publishing; pulp and paper industry

·         salt working

·         motor vehicle manufacturing, car assembly; automobile industry

·         glass industries

·         dye-stuffs, dye-ware

·         domestic metalware

·         production of man-made fibres

·         china clay production; china-ware potteries

·         tanneries

·         FMCG

·         consumer goods/ home durables

·         wollen/cotton textiles, silk weaving; hosiery, knitwear

·         pharmaceutical industry; footwear manufacture

·         arable farming, pastures, market gardening, horticulture

·         cattle grazing, cattle-breeding; livestock-rearing/ raising; fodder

·         corn growing, grain milling; fertilizers

·         forestry; timber industry

·         food manufacture: processing, canning, freezing, packing; dairy-farming

·         brewing, whisky distilling, brewery, distillery

·         whaling, whale oil

 

Task 1. Read the text and give Russian equivalents to the italicized expressions. Retell the text:

Russia’s Natural Resources

Russia is one of the world's richest countries in raw materials, many of which are significant inputs for an industrial economy. Russia accounts for around 20 percent of the world's production of oil and natural gas and possesses large reserves of both fuels. This abundance has made Russia virtually self-sufficient in energy and a large-scale exporter of fuels. Oil and gas were primary hard-currency earners for the Soviet Union, and they remain so for the Russian Federation. Russia also is self-sufficient in nearly all major industrial raw materials and has at least some reserves of every industrially valuable non-fuel mineral--even after the productive mines of Ukraine, Kazakstan, and Uzbekistan no longer were directly accessible. Tin, tungsten, bauxite, and mercury were among the few natural materials imported in the Soviet period. Russia possesses rich reserves of iron ore, manganese, chromium, nickel, platinum, titanium, copper, tin, lead, tungsten, diamonds, phosphates, and gold, and the forests of Siberia contain anestimated one-fifth of the world's timber, mainly conifers.

The iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, close to the Ukrainian border in the southwest, are believed to contain one-sixth of the world's total reserves. Intensive exploitation began there in the 1950s. Other large iron ore deposits are located in the Kola Peninsula, Karelia, south-central Siberia, and the Far East. The largest copper deposits are located in the Kola Peninsula and the Urals, and lead and zinc are found in North Ossetia.