- •Part 1. Farm animals
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Classes Of animals
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 2. Domestic Animals Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text. Domestic Animals
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Give the plural of the following words:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Word List a
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Form the verbs from the following words and translate them:
- •Word List в
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The sheep (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The poultry
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate info Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 1. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The anatomy of the domestic animals
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences.
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 2. Parts of the Animals Body Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Parts of the animal body
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Find antonyms for the worlds:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the text:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 3. The Blood Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The blood
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the prepositions:
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 4. The Heart Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The Heart.
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following sentences:
- •3. Find synonyms for the words:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •Lesson 5. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow’s stomach
- •2. Translate the following questions into English and answer them:
- •3. Give a) synonyms and b) antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •6. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 6. The Cow’s Stomach Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The cow's stomach (Continued)
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete the following sentences:
- •3. Give antonyms to the following words:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 7. Digestion in the Stomach of the Horse and Pig Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Digestion in the stomach of the horse and pig
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the required words given below:
- •Word List b
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •5. Give the English equivalents for:
- •Lesson 8. The Liver Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The liver
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Word List b
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Pay attention to the words with the same roots and their meanings:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 9. Bile Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bile
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask general questions:
- •4. Add the suffix -ish to the following adjectives and translate the new words according to the pattern:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Lesson 10. The Thyroid Gland Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The thyroid gland
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Point out the nouns with the suffixes -tion, -ment, -ness and adjectives with the suffix -at from the text.
- •4. Form Participle I of the following verbs and translate them:
- •Word List b
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •Part 3. Cells and Tissues Lesson 1. The Living Cells Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. The LiVing cEllS
- •2. Translate the following words with the suffixes multi-, inter-, intra-.
- •Lesson 2. Tissues Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Tissues
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents of the Russian sentences.
- •4. Write down the summary of the text, using the following questions
- •Lesson 3. Bacteria Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Bacteria
- •6. Translate into English
- •Lesson 4. Diagnostics Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Сhemical Examination of Animals and Diagnostic Tests
- •2. Memorize the pronunciation the following words, translate them
- •3. Translate the following sentences
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations
- •5. Answer the following questions
- •Word List а
- •1. Read and translate the text. Symptoms of Some Diseases
- •2. Answer the questions
- •3. Translate the following sentences with the construction “it is … that”
- •4. Translate the text, using the dictionary Koch’s Rules
2. Find in the text English equivalents of the Russian sentences.
1. Эпителиальная ткань имеет форму клеточной оболочки. 2. Морфологически эпителии класси-фицируются по форме и расположению клеток. 3. Согласно расположению клетки существуют простые и многослойные эпителии. 4. Соединительная ткань подразделяется на опорную и трофическую ткани. 5. Различают три вида мышечной ткани: скелетную, гладкую и сердечную. 6. Гладкие мышцы не так обильно снабжаются кровеносными сосудами, как скелетные и сердечные.
3. Make up sentences
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4. Write down the summary of the text, using the following questions
1. What major groups of tissues do you know? 2. How are epithelia classified morphologically? 3. What are the connective tissues subdivided? 4. What is the difference between epithelial and connective tissues? 5. What kinds of muscles do you know? 6. According to what does the shape of smooth muscle vary? 7. What is the function of nerve tissue?
Lesson 3. Bacteria Word List а
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- обильный, богатый, иметься в изобилии |
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- сибирская язва |
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- посредством |
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- гниение, разложение (гнить) |
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- степень, градус |
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- уничтожать |
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- подвергать воздействию (солнца, ветра) |
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- чрезвычайно |
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- размножение путем деления клеток |
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- микроб, зародыш |
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- “хозяин” – организм, питающий паразитов |
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- задерживать (рост), тормозить, препятствовать |
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- особый, особенный, определенный |
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- быстрый, скорый |
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- оказывать помощь, создавать (условия) |
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- гниение, гнить, портиться |
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- слегка, немного |
1. Read and translate the text. Bacteria
Micro-organism is a name applied to the smallest living things. They are invisible to the naked eye, and can be seen only tinder the microscope. Micro-organisms include a very large number of species: bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.
Bacteria are abundant everywhere: in the air, soil and water. They are single-celled plants varying in form; and this fact furnishes one of the means of identification.. When the individual is spherical, it is termed a coccus; when it is slightly longer than broad – bacterium; and still longer – a bacillus, and when it as slightly curved upon itself a comma. The name “bacterium” is, however used in a general sense about any of those forms.
There are two methods or reproduction of bacteria. The commoner method is reproduction by fission. Certain species reproduce themselves by means of spores formed inside the bacterium. Spores are much more difficult to destroy by unfavourable conditions than the bacteria which produce them.
Reproduction is extremely rapid: a single individual can give rise to 16 million during 24 hours.
Different bacteria have a different temperature at which the grow fastest, and this is generally between 86° and 95°. As the temperature is gradually raised, the organisms first slow down, them become inhibited, and are finally destroyed. Freezing inhibits, but it does not kill the germs as heat does.
Bacteria vary in the kind of food which they require. Some species get their food from a living plant or animal, and are termed parasites. Forms which feed upon dead rotting matter are termed saprophytes.
Parasitic bacteria are the cause or numerous infectious diseases, such as anthrax, typhoid, etc. A particular kind of bacterium is required to produce a particular kind of disease. Many parasitic forms can live as saprophytes when no living host is available.
Saprophytic bacteria also play on important part. It is due to the action of these bacteria that organic substances exposed to ordinary atmospheric influences begin to decay.
Therefore in order to prevent decay we must render the conditions of life unfavourable to the growth of bacteria that cause the damage.
2. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words, translate them.
diameter [dai’æmit ]
micro-organism [‘maikrou’ g nizm]
virus [vai ras]
virulent [‘virul nt]
coccus [‘k l s]
spore [sp ]
parasite [‘pær sait]
saprohyte [‘sæproufait]
typhoid [‘taif id]
agent [‘eid nt]
spherical [‘sferik l]
spiral [‘spair l]
3. Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations
многочисленные инфекционные заболевания, невооруженный глаз, называется, особый вид, микроорганизм, один из способов, очень большое количество, в общем смысле, поэтому, одноклеточные растения, чрезвычайно быстро, условия жизни, неблагоприятные для роста.
4. Write down the summary of the text, using the following questions
1. What species do micro-organisms include? 2. What is one of the means of identification of bacteria? 3. How do bacterial species reproduce themselves? 4. What do parasites (saprophytes) feed upon? 5. What is to be done to prevent decay?
5. Translate into Russian
1. Saprophytes are to be found in air, soil, manure, and water. 2. Parasites arc those bacteria which are capable of Jiving and multiplying' within the human or animal body. 3. The vegetable forms of most of the pathogenic bacteria may grow at temperatures ranging between 20 and 40° C. 4. Under natural conditions bacteria are found on decaying organic and vegetable matter. 5. It must be remembered, however, that in certain circumstances the commensals acquire pathogenic powers. 6. It is interesting to note that the apparent phosphorescence of certain marine fish is due to bacteria. 7. The hydrochloric acid kills most of the bacteria present in the food. 8. In the large intestine, where the contents remain longer, the bacteria which are still alive multiply tremendously in number, especially certain forms which thrive in the absence of air.