Часть2.

Самостоятельная работа студента.

Текст 1 - Political System and National Symbols of the Russian Federation

Задание 1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text "Political System and National Symbols of the Russian Federation" was new for you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. What national symbols of the Russian Federation can you name?

4. Why do you think that it is important for a student to know additional materials?

Text1

POLITICAL SYSTEM AND NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The Russian Federation is separated into eight federal districts: Central, Northwestern, Southern, North Caucasus, Volga district, Ural district, Siberian, and Far Eastern district. All those are governed by President’s representatives.

The state symbol of the Russian Federation is a three coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky and the red one symbolizes liberty. It was approved by the Federal Assembly in 1991.

The Russian anthem ‘Russia, the holy State…” is written by A. Alexandrov (music) and S. Mikhalkov (words). A new national emblem of Russia (The Arms of Russia) is a double- headed eagle, which first came into use in the 1490s. The Coat-of –Arms of Russia is Our Lady of Vladimir.

Примечание. Выделенные слова должны стать ссылками на словарь.

Задание 2. Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

Задание 3. Заполните таблицу.

verb	noun (concrete)	noun (abstract)	participle / adjective
	organizer
		promotion
			governmental
represent

Текст 2 - The Flag of the Russian Federation

Задание 1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What facts in the text"The Flag of the Russian Federation"were unknown for you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3.How was the flag of the Russian Federation used in old times?

4. Why do you think it is important for a student to know more?

Text 2

The Flag of the Russian Federation

The Flag of the Russian Federation

The flag of the Russian Federation is a tricolor flag consisting of three equal horizontal fields; white on the top,blue in the middle and red on the bottom. The flag was first used as an ensign for Russian merchant ships and only became official in 1896. The flag continued to be used by the Russian Provisional Government after the Tsar was toppled in the February Revolution and was not replaced until the October Revolution which established the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic - the world's first socialist state. From that time period, a red flag featuring the abbreviated name "RSFSR" ("РСФСР") was used, until replaced in 1954 with the universal design of the Soviet flag with a blue stripe along the mast. In 1991 the tricolour was brought back as the official flag of the new Russian Federation.

Примечание. Выделенные слова являются ссылками на словарь.

Задание 2. Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

3. Заполните таблицу.

verb	noun (concrete)	noun (abstract)	participle / adjective
	user
		establishment
			educative
federate

Текст 3. Some Facts from the Flag History

Задание 1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text "Some Facts from the Flag History" interested you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. How did Peter decide to remodel the Dutch red-white-and-blue banner?

4. Why do you think students must work individually?

Text3

Some Facts from the Flag History

There was no universally accepted flag for Russia until the middle of the 17th century. The earliest mention of the flag occurs during the reign of Alexis I, and is related to the construction of the first Russian naval ship, the frigate Oryol. The choice of the colours may originate from the Dutch flag with red, white and blue stripes. As for the Tsar Peter the Great we know he was keenly interested in shipbuilding in the European style. In 1693, Peter ordered a Dutch-built frigate from Amsterdam. In 1694 when it arrived, the Dutch red-white-and-blue banner flew from its stern. Peter decided to remodel Russia's naval flag after this banner by changing the sequence of colours. It eventually became the flag of the Russian Empire. Later,on 7 May 1883 it was authorized to be used on land, and became an official National flag before the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II in 1896.

Примечание. Выделенные слова являются ссылками на словарь.

Задание 2. Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

Задание 3. Заполните таблицу

verb	noun (concrete)	noun (abstract)	participle / adjective
	relative
			constructing
		decoration
accept

Текст 4. The Origin of Colours

Задание1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text "The Meaning and the Origin of Colours" was new for you?

2. Why do you think this material is actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. What versions of the Russian tricolor flag can you name?

4. Where do you think students can get additional materials?

Text4

The Origin of Colours

There exist several versions of the Russian tricolor flag. They say that the three colours may come from the coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which depicts Saint George wearing white (silver) armor, riding a white horse, having a blue cape and holding a blue shield on a red field. According to another version, these three colours were associated with the robes of the Virgin Mary, the holy patroness of Russia. Yet another interpretation of the three colours is that the order in which they are placed reflects the Russian social system under the monarchy: white represents God, blue the Tsar and red the peasants. Another very common interpretation is the association of colours with the main parts of the Russian Empire: white represents Belarus ("White Russia"), blue is Ukraine (or Malorossia, "Little Russia"), and red is "Great Russia". The National Flag Day is an official holiday in Russia, established in 1994. It is celebrated on 22 August,though it is not a day-off.

Примечание. Выделенные слова являются ссылками на словарь.

Задание 2. Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

Задание 3. Заполните таблицу.

verb	noun (concrete)	noun (abstract)	participle / adjective
protect
	interpreter
			representative
		reflection

Текст 5.The Coat of Arms

Задание1. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text "The Coat of Arms" attracted you attention?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. What does the the present coat of arms maintain today?4. Why do you think that it is important for a student to know additional material?

Text 5 The Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation

The present coat of arms of the Russian Federation derives from the earlier coat of arms of the Russian Empire, and was restored in 1993. Though modified more than once since the reign of Ivan III (1462–1505), the current coat of arms is directly derived from its mediaeval original. The general colour layout corresponds to the early fifteenth century standard. The shape of the eagle can be traced back to the reign of Peter the Great (1682–1725), although the eagle on the present coat of arms is golden rather than the traditional, imperial black.

Between May and November 1992 the arms of the Russian Federation was a slightly modified version of the Russian arms from the Soviet era. The two main elements of Russian state symbols (the two-headed eagle and the mounted figure slaying the dragon) predate Peter the Great. Today, however, the official description of the rider on the central shield that represents Saint George, is mainly used to show and maintain the secular character of the modern Russian state.

The current coat of arms was adopted officially on November 30, 1993. Today, the imperial crowns on each head stand for the unity and sovereignty of Russia, both as a whole and in its constituent republics and regions. The orb and sceptre grasped in the eagle's toes are traditional heraldic symbols of sovereign power and authority. They have been retained in the modern Russian arms despite the fact that the Russian Federation is not a monarchy. The modern arms of Russia were instated by a presidential decree in 1993, and then by a federal law signed by President Vladimir Putin on December 20, 2000.

Примечание. Выделенные слова являются ссылками на словарь.

Задание 2. Выпишите слова, имеющие интернациональное значение. Переведите их.

Задание 3. Заполните таблицу.

verb	noun (concrete)	noun (abstract)	participle / adjective
	deriver
		retention
			protective
restore		restoration