- •The structure of seeds
- •Exercises
- •Find words in the text opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Give the English equivalents for:
- •3. Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.
- •4. Find words and word combinations, concerning farm terminology.
- •5.Answer the questions:
- •6.Read and translate the text. Answer the questions.
- •Plant, its parts and their functions
- •Пояснения к тексту
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents for:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents for:
- •3. Replace the infinitive in the brackets by the Present Perfect or the
- •4. Find the participles, state their form and function in the sentence.
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •Пояснения к тексту
- •Exercises
- •1. Give the English equivalents for:
- •2. Give the Russian equivalents for:
- •4. Use the required tenses instead of the Infinitives in brackets and translate
- •Classification of field crops
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the English equivalents for:
- •II. Use the required tenses instead of the infinitive in brackets and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •III. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to both…and.
- •IV. Read and write the following cardinal numerals.
- •Spring Wheat
- •Exercises
- •Winter Wheat.
- •Explanatory Notes
- •Exercise
- •Oats and barley
- •Exercise
- •Oats and Barley.
- •Exercise
- •I. Give verbs corresponding to the following adjectives, translate into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •II. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian/ Russian:
- •III. Turn the following into the Passive Voice. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian/Russian
- •IV. Complete the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian/Russian
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the verbs can, must (to have to (to be to), may or should in the correct form Translate the sentences.
- •Exercises
- •I. Underline suffixes and prefixes in the following words, state to what part of speech these words belong and translate them into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •II. Translate the following English words and word combinations into Ukrainian/Russian:
- •III. State the functions of infinitives in the following sentences.
- •IV. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the italicized words.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian/Russian. Pay attention to the translation of Participle I and Participle II used as an attribute or as an adverbial modifier
- •VI. Put questions up to this text.
- •Exercises
- •VI. Define the function of the verb with the ending-ed. Translate the
- •VII. Make a plan of the text “Corn” (Lesson 9,10). Retell this text according to your plan.
Plant, its parts and their functions
Plants are highly important sources of food for man; they supply us with food, clothing and many other things as well.
Man's progress has been closely connected with the cultivation of plants, as in order to grow plants man had to settle down and to begin building homes.
Many plants are being grown and used for many purposes now and as scientists continue their work/new uses of plants will be found.
To get high yields of crops we must know, how a plant grows. To have a knowledge of plant growth it is necessary to study the principal parts of the plant and their functions.
Thus, to study the structure of the plant is the first task of any student of agriculture.
The principal parts of a plant are: 1) the root system, 2) sterns and leaves, 3) the reproductive part made up of flowers, fruits or seeds.
The roots grow downward into the soil and have two main functions—to absorb plant nutrients and water from the soil and to anchor the plant As to stems and leaves, they are usually above the ground. The food used in growth by green plants is manufactured in the leaves from the raw materials taken from the soil and air. This process is known as photosynthesis.
To support the leaves and to connect them with the roots are the main functions of the stem.
A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced. Thus, to produce seeds the plant must have flowers.
A seed consists of an embryo a supply of food and one or more seed coat? surrounding the young plant and its food supply. All parts of a plant must be developed well and proportionally enough to function properly. If conditions for plant growth are bad, the plant will be too weak to develop its parts well.
Пояснения к тексту
tо settle down -осесть, перейти к оседлому образу жизни
a student of agriculture -человек, изучающий сельское хозяйство
reproductive part -часть, связанная с размножением, органы размножения
Words and word combination to be learnt:
absorb, v |
погдащать |
anchor, v |
скреплять, закреплять |
condition, n |
условие |
consist (of), v |
состоять из |
in order to |
для того, чтобы |
knowledge, n |
знание |
leaf (leaves), n |
лист |
made of |
состоящий из |
necessary, a |
необходимый |
photosynthesis, n |
фотосинтез |
plant nutrients |
питательные вещества растения |
produce,v |
производить |
properly, adv |
должным образом |
raw materials |
сырье |
root, n |
корень |
stem, n |
стебель |
supply, v |
снабжать |
supply, n |
запас |
support,v |
поддерживать |
surround, v |
окружать |