
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building Bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
Which word?
Verb or noun?
Trade / to trade |
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Торгівля; комерційна діяльність; заняття, ремесло, професія; |
ходити по магазинам, робити покупки; вести справи, мати справи; обмінювати, міняти; |
Service / to service |
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обслуговування, надання послуг, сервіс; |
обслуговувати; здійснюваьти технічний огляд; ремонтувати (машини і т.п.); слугувати; |
Merchandise / to merchandise |
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товари; |
продавати, торгувати; просувати на ринку (товари); рекламувати; |
Produce [`prOdju:s] / to produce [prə`dju:s] |
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виріб, вироби; продукт, продукція; сільськогосподарські продукти; вихід (виробів); випуск, обсяг випуску; результат, підсумок; |
виробляти; випускати; викликати, слугувати причиною; |
Wholesale / to wholesale |
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оптова торгівля; |
продавати оптом, вести оптову торгівлю; |
Retail / to retail |
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роздріб; роздрібний продаж; роздрібний торговець; |
продавати вроздріб; переказувати, повторювати, поширювати. |
b) Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
1. A new breakfast food can easily be merchandised. 2. About 60% of the fruit is wholesaled, 38% is processed, and 2% is retailed through a roadside market. 3. Almost a quarter of the country’s export earnings go to service a foreign debt of $29 billion. 4. Domestic companies are losing trade to foreign importers. 5. Each product will be wholesaled in lots of 50. 6. Farmers in the vicinity of large towns, may be compared to retail shopkeepers. 7. We should be able to retail most of these products to overseas customers. 8. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas will service our needs for some considerable time to come. 9. Global trade in manufactured goods has increased dramatically. 10. He took his car in for a service. 11. If you decide to return the merchandise, you have 15 days.
12. If your store is well equipped, your pleased customers will buy more merchandise from you than they did before. 13. It has been a bad year for the retail trade. 14. Many people come to the market every day to sell their produce. 15. Local shops offer an astonishing range of merchandise. 16. Mining rose by 9.1%, manufacturing by 9.4% and services by 4.3%. 17. Never try to retail gossip. 18. On our web site, we show the merchandise that we display in our stores. 19. Our aim is to provide better quality of service. 20. Our company manufactures and wholesales knives to the EU. 21. Paper is produced from wood. 22. Retail is the sale of goods directly to the public for their own use. 23. She has traded millions of dollars’ worth of metals. 24. The best product will be ignored if not attractively merchandised. 25. The company can no longer service its debts. 26. Their firm has changed its focus from wholesale to retail. 27. The corporation has just produced a luxury version of the aircraft. 28. The euro has made it easier for European countries to trade with each other. 29. The housewife went to the marketplace to buy some garden produce. 30. The ministry had direct control over every aspect of foreign trade. 31. The product retails for around £20 in the local market. 32. The region produces some of the best wine in France. 33. The supermarket has expanded its range of non-food merchandise. 34. The two businesses will continue to trade under their original name. 35. The leaders signed agreements on trade and sporting links. 36. The work was in some degree the produce of their joint efforts. 37. Their efforts produced no results. 38. There has been considerable growth in the service sector. 39. They are middlemen trading in luxury goods. 40. We drive some small retail trade. 41. The firm imports tea and wholesales it to retail stores. 42. They may refuse to trade, even when offered attractive prices. 43. We plan to merchandise Mexican food products in grocery stores. 44. They traded freedom for security. 45. This book retails at $10 overseas. 46. This car model is produced under license. 47. This shop has a reputation for excellent customer service. 48. Ukraine exports its dairy produce to many CIS countries. 49. We aim to provide a first-class service. 50. They are now producing the same quantity of goods with far fewer workers. 51. We can retail our high-quality products direct to the public. 52. They manage to get most of their produce in Britain. 53. Ukraine needs to trade with the EU more. 54. Wholesale is the activity of buying and selling goods in large quantities and, therefore, at cheaper prices, usually to shopkeepers who then sell them to the public. 55. Winter produce will cost more for the next few weeks.
Task 9. Study the function of the following word-building prefixes.
bi- [`baı] |
di- [`daı] / [dı] |
multi- [`mAlti] |
inter- [`ıntə] / [`ıntər] |
дво-; двояко-; бі-; |
ди-; дво-; |
багато-; мульти-; |
між-, поміж-, серед-, внутрішньо-, пере-, взаємо- |
1) is used at the beginning of nouns and adjectives that have “two” as part of their meaning; 2) is used to form adjectives and adverbs indicating that something happens twice in a period of time or happens once in two periods of time that follow each other. |
means “two” or “twice”; is used with some adjectives and nouns. |
is used to form adjectives indicating that something consists of many things of a particular kind. |
combines with adjectives and nouns to form adjectives indicating that something connects two or more places, things, or groups of people. For example, inter-governmental relations are relations between governments. |
Task 10. Make up as many compounds as it is possible using the prefixes and the stems from the table below. Use your dictionary if it is necessary.
BI- DI- MULTI- INTER- |
lingualism cultural media lateral lingual million party national |
Task 11. Study the following definitions.
(bi-directional) [ֽbaıdaıə`rek∫ənəl] |
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Task 12. Study the following words.