Exercises:

1. Label the diagram using words from the box. Look at A to help you.

breastbone collarbone jaw bone kneecap rib shinbone shoulder blade skull spine thigh bone

2. Match the types of fractures (1-5) with the description (a-e). Look at B to help you.

1. open

2. comminuted

3. displaced

4. greenstick

5. impacted

a There is a break in the skin.

b The bone is bent. It occurs mainly in children.

c The bone is broken into several pieces.

d The broken pieces are separated.

e The broken pieces are pushed together.

3. Complete the textbook extract. Look at C to help you.

(1)…………………….a fracture involves trying to return the bones to as near to their original position as possible. If a fracture is allowed to heal in a displaced position the fracture will (2)……………………but it may go on to (3)…………

Unit 9 Childhood

Milestones

Childhood is the period during which a person is a child. Infant is another word for a young child; infancy is the period from birth until about five years of age.

The milestones in a child's development and the ages at which they usually occur are:

1. Sitting – by months

2. Crawling – by 12 months

3. First words – by 18 months

4. Walking – by 18 months

5. Talking – (two-word sentences) – by 3 years.

Common infectious diseases. Match the name of the disease with its definition

Disease	Common name
morbilli /rubeola	measles	1. enlarged parotid glands
rubella	German measles	2. difficulty opening the mouth
varicella	chickenpox	3. rash and enlarged posterior occipital nodes
infectious parotitis	mumps	4. paroxysmal cough
pertussis	whooping cough	5. papules and vesicles, first on trunk
acute laryngotracheitis	croup	6. cough and cold followed by rash
scarlatina	scarlet fever	7. sore throat and rash
rheumatic fever	rheumatic fever	8. swollen joints an a heart murmur
tetanus	lockjaw	9. fever followed by muscle weakness
poliomyelits	polio	10. cough with stridor

papule - папула – пузырек

vesicle - везикула – узелок

chickenpox – ветрянка

stridor – затрудненное, шумное дыхание

parotid – околоушной

коклюш – воспаление гортани, трахеи и бронхов со спастическим кашлем

Exercise:

Put the verbs in the correct past forms.

Smallpox

… that’s history now!

Edward Jenner (1749-1823) 1)……………….. (make) a discovery that 2)……………(change) the course of history. Many people 3) ………………… (die) from smallpox in eighteenth-century England, and for a long time, Jenner 4) …………………(try) to find a cure. Jenner 5) ………………. (live) in the country, and he 6) ………………….. (notice) that the local milkmaids never 7) ……………………. (catch) smallpox. After experimentation, Jenner 8) ………………….. (conclude) that this was because they all 9) …..…………. (suffer) from cowpox at least once in their life and therefore, 10) ……………….. (become) immune to smallpox. Based on these observations, Jenner 11) ……………….. (develop) the method of «vaccination» and in 1798 he 12)…………………… (publish) his findings. In 1853, vaccination 13) ………………….. (be) compulsory in Britain and in 1980 it was declared by the World Health Assembly that smallpox 14)……………………… (be/eradicated) throughout the world.