- •Introduction to Units
- •Principles of Dictionaries’ Classification
- •1. Selection of vocabulary (lexicon)
- •2. Information
- •3. Way of language unit description
- •4. Unit of lexicographic description
- •5. Order of arranging words
- •6. Number of languages in a dictionary
- •8. Coverage (the number of words being included into a dictionary)
- •9. Volume of Description (functional peculiarities of a language)
- •10. Time
- •Types of dictionaries are based on:
- •7. Function
- •I. History of compiling dictionaries in Russia and in Western Europe.
- •Associative dictionaries and their peculiar features.
- •VI. Peculiar features and functions of language and culture dictionaries.
- •Self –study of topics: Encyclopaedias, Encyclopaedic dictionaries and their peculiarities
Principles of Dictionaries’ Classification
Object of description
Linguistic dictionaries (lexicons) give information about language units in various aspects |
Encyclopaedic dictionaries contain information about/ on objects, notions, things and events, being explained by language units |
Linguistic dictionaries
1. Selection of vocabulary (lexicon)
Thesauruses are dictionaries in which words are not arranged alphabetically but grouped by the concepts expressed aiming at maximum fully represented all the words of a language and their usage in texts (e.g. Roget’s Thesaurus) |
Specialized dictionaries deal with lexical units only in relation to some of their characteristic features (e.g. The Longman Pronunciation Dictionary) |
2. Information
Explanatory dictionaries present a wide range of data, especially with regard to the semantic aspect of vocabulary (e.g. The New Oxford Dictionary of English) |
Specialized dictionaries reveal only some aspects of words or relations between them (e.g. M. Nickolson. Dictionary of American - English Usage) |
3. Way of language unit description
General dictionaries contain multi aspect word description, representing the vocabulary as a whole (e.g. explanatory dictionaries) |
Restricted dictionaries reveal only some aspects of words or relations between them and the words are chosen according to: 1) the sphere of human activity in which they are used; 2) the type of the units themselves; 3) the relations existing between them.
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4. Unit of lexicographic description
Unit which is less than a word (e.g. dictionary of morphemes, Lewis M. Dictionary of Morphemes) |
Unit which is equal to a word (e.g. orphoepic dictionaries, the Longman Dictionary of Pronunciation) |
Unit which is more than a word (e.g. dictionary of idioms, Collins Book of English Idioms) |
5. Order of arranging words
In Alphabetical dictionaries information is arranged in alphabetic order (Toller T. Anglo-Saxon Dictionary) |
In Ideographic dictionaries information is arranged in thematic (ideographic) principle (e.g. Roget’s International Thesaurus) |
In Associative dictionaries information is arranged in sense associations. |
6. Number of languages in a dictionary
Monolingual / unilingual one language dictionary (e.g. Barnhart C.L. Dictionary of New English |
Bilingual two language dictionary, (e.g. The English-Russian Idiom Dictionary) |
Multilingual / polyglot dictionary ( e.g. Bergman P.M. The Concise Dictionary of 26 Languages…
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