4. The adjective

1. Meaning – property of thingness.

1. Qualitative (good, big)

2. Relative (Wooden, northern, daily, motherly – don’t form degrees of comparison)

2. Form

The adj have only one category – the category of degrees of comparison. Only qualitative adj have it. There are 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative (big-bigger-the biggest).

Degrees of comparison can be formed in ways:

1. Synthetical: nice-nicer-the nicest

2. Analytical: beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful

3. Suppletive: good – better – the best

3. Function

The adj are used in 2 functions: attribute and predicative.

It’s a smart student. This student is smart.

4. The adverb

1. Meaning

The adverb is defined as a notional word expressing a non-substantive property. In accord with their categorial semantics adverbs are characterized by a combinability with verbs, adjectives and words of adverbial nature. The functions of adverbs in these combinations consist in expressing different adverbial modifiers.

In accord with their word-building structure adverbs may be simple (here, there, so, why ) and derived (The typical adverbial affixes -ly (slowly) -ways (sideways(сбоку), -wise (clockwise), -ward(s) (homewards The characteristic adverbial prefix is a- (away). Among the adverbs there are also peculiar composite formations and phrasal formations of prepositional, conjunctional and other types: sometimes, at least, to and fro (туда-сюда), etc.).).

Adverbs are divided into

1. Qualitative (they express property of an action, usually they have suffix –ly or the same adj exist (adj=adv)): fast, nicely.

2. Quantitative (or degree, they express property of another property): very, too

3. Circumstantial (time, place, manner): now, there

2. Form

The adv have only one category – the category of degrees of comparison. Only qualitative adv have it. There are 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative

Degrees of comparison can be formed in ways:

1. Synthetical: early-earlier-earliest (adv=adj)

2. Analytical: wisely-more wisely-most wisely

3. Suppletive: well – better - best

3. Function

1. Adverbial modifier (She is terribly awkward)

2. Attribute (rare) (today world is cruel)