Unit 4 wyas of translating verbals and verbal constructions/complexes ways of rendering the lexico-grammatical meanings and functions of the english infinitive

Exercise 10. Translate the sentences below into Ukrainian stating the function of the Infinitive.

1. As the Suez route was yet to be opened, the ship had to circumnavigate half of the globe before reaching the Pacific Ocean. 2. Bribes are thought to have been paid to civil servants on a regular ba­sis. 3. Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries must have been a fearsome chaos of warring tribes and kingdoms. 4. Did human beings always possess the power of speech? If not, when and how did they acquire it? Are human beings the only ones to have it? 5. Failure to realize this fact has led to many extravagant claims made by some enthusiasts. 6. Goethe had come to know a bookseller, Fromann by name, with whose family and friends he found it pleasant to discuss art and literature. 7. He was not quite prepared for the talks, to put it mildly. 8. Henry VIII was the first king since Henry V who did not have to fight a battle to win or keep his throne. 9. His acts of violence had caused him to be bitterly hated by the natives who surrounded him. 10. I never managed to get there, although I spent some time in one or two of neighbouring countries. 11. In British Isles all the lakes are of fresh water, and all bodies of water large enough to be called lakes are connected with the sea by means of rivers. 12. In order to grasp the full meaning of a work of art we need to know a great deal more about the sources of its theme and style than can be learned by the merely aesthetic approach. 13. It is to be remembered that seasonal factors are unlikely to radically change the situation. 14. It would seem a truism that to be a linguist (scientific or otherwise) one must first learn to speak many languages. 15. Madness of jealousy in Othello causes its possessor to destroy the woman who represents everything in the world for him. 16. Mary Stuart was detained in various castles for almost twenty years, since to have restored her to her throne by force was impossible politically and to have handed her over to the Scots for execution unthinkable treachery. 17. Most of the population of these islands is farmers, but they do not grow enough to feed themselves. 18. Much more investment is to be attracted to make a considerable pro­gress in exports. 19. Much to our surprise the seats for the first concert were sold out in advance. But as I was about to appear on the stage, the lights suddenly went out, leaving the audience in complete darkness. 20. Near the wall we unearthed building foundations on 12 sites, discoveries of which led to much discussion among our members. Some of us believe that the foundations uncovered may be the remains of those palaces, but this will have to be further substantiated. 21. When the king heard that the awful dragon was outside his very gates, demanding food, he had his servants give the beast two sheep a day. 22. No one, examining the evidence of Greek failure, cultural and social-political, can fail to perceive how closely the two aspects are interwoven. 23. Only a few men in all the history of the world have had the experience of descending, alive, beyond the range of visible light (into the ocean). The first to do so were William Beeb and Otis Barton. 24. Poland was the first post-communist country to implement what later on was called a ‘shock therapy’ in the economic policy. 25. Rousseau, in his Contrat Sociale and Emile had first formulated those ideas which were to shake the foundations of European society. 26. Suffice it to say, the unemployment rate has substantially declined in the free economic zones. 27. The American Indians, particularly the Plain Tribes, had a system of gestures or sign-language that enabled members of different tribes, speaking totally different languages, to communicate with one another, and also with the white man. 28. The business of which he was a director was about to crash. 29. The company needed to restructure its bank debts earlier this year, but it claims to have already paid off a substantial sum. 30. The crops harvested were so big as to be able to store them and even export part of them.

Exercise 11. Translate the sentences below into Ukrainian stating the function of the Infinitive.

1. The dictionary shows that the number of words which may have originated in this way is very large. 2. The earliest tablets to be discovered were of the native wood. 3. The first business of grammar, as of every other science, is to observe the facts and phenomena with which it has to deal; and to classify and state them methodically. 4. The first European (Magellan) ever to sail across the wide Pacific was curious about the hidden worlds beneath his ship. 5. The first step to be taken is to start negotiations. 6. The Globe playhouse was opened in 1599, and it has been thought probable that ‘Julius Caesar’ was the first Shakespeare play to be presented there. 7. The harbours of Nagasaki and Yokohama, to mention only two, are the most convenient. 8. The IMF experts arrived on a regular mission to find that their rec­ommendations were not followed to the full extent. 9. The inflation rate was not high enough to start paying compensations to workers. 10. The men used to wear nothing but a wide belt of beaten bark. 11. The mural paintings are by no means to be found in all the caves inhabited during the Glacial Epoch. 12. The pictures which the Egyptians used to record events and to express ideas are called hieroglyphics. 13. The process of creating a language must have been a very slow and painful one, stretching out over thousands, perhaps millions of years. 14. The reader should keep in mind the marked distinction between the two processes. 15. The results of the talks have led us to conclude that cash transactions would prevail over barter. 16. The second, more serious objection still remains: the system of writing cannot adequately express the whole range of human thought; and to do so even partially will require thousands of characters. 17. The tendency to increase the amount of benefits paid to the population is becoming more obvious. 18. The terms to be insisted on in the upcoming talks are as follows. 19. The type of policy to be followed will be broadly discussed in the in the mass media. 20. The wooded hills, the infinite variety of mountain valley, of lake and harbour and sea, could not have failed to develop in some of those people a sense of the artistic. 21. Their method of conquest was to make military roads and to plant along them forts garrisoned by the regular troops. 22. Then, when that cave was explored, the party would have to move on to another, perhaps hundreds of feet above or below, and start afresh. 23. They had so much to do in their field of studies. 24. This region does not consist of large, smoky industrial towns such as one finds in the West of England, but of widely scattered market towns in which the wooden industry has managed to survive. 25. This serious problem is not to be disposed of so lightly. 26. To ensure a steady economic growth, all the macroeconomic parame­ters must be involved. 27. To return to our play, it is evident that ‘Phedre’ is the ideal type of a baroque tragedy, not only by its style, but by its basic conception. 28. To unify the exchange rates would be one of the main objectives of the country’s foreign exchange policy. 29. Too little is as yet known of the origin of the Far Eastern peoples to enable us to determine accurately all the racial connections of the Japanese. 30. Under a strange sky, where there was none to render us aid, we tossed about over the sea. 31. When the king heard that the awful dragon was outside his very gates, demanding food, he had his servants give the beast two sheep a day.