- •I. Grammatical categories of the gerund
- •Gerundial phrases
- •The gerund as the subject
- •The gerund as the predicate
- •The gerund as a predicative
- •The gerund as part of a compound verbal aspect predicate
- •The duration or continuation of the action,
- •4. The end of the action,
- •The gerund as an attribute
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •The gerund as an object
- •To advise to allow to permit to recommend to encourage
- •T o imagine
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •T o be interested
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •10. Gerund and the verbal noun
- •Revision of gerund and infinitive
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ
ІМЕНІ В. Н. КАРАЗІНА
Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
БЕЗОСОБОВІ форми дієслова
Герундій
Навчально-методичний посібник з граматики
для студентів 3 курсу
факультету іноземних мов
Харків - 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(2007-2008 piloting)
Section |
Heading |
Page |
1 |
Grammatical categories of the gerund |
|
2 |
Gerundial phrases |
|
3 |
The gerund as the subject |
|
4 |
The gerund as the predicate |
|
5 |
The gerund as a predicative |
|
6 |
The gerund as part of a compound verbal aspect predicate |
|
7 |
The gerund as an attribute |
|
8 |
The gerund as an adverbial modifier |
|
9 |
The gerund as an object |
|
10 |
The gerund and the verbal noun |
|
11 |
Revision of gerund and infinitive |
|
12 |
Appendix |
|
I. Grammatical categories of the gerund
The gerund is a non-finite form of the verb that developed from the noun, which in the course of time got verbalized, preserving at the same time its nominal character. However, the gerund should not be confused with the verbal noun, which has the same suffix –ing. For the main points of difference between the gerund and the verbal noun see in Section 10.
Grammatically gerund means a process. If we compare the gerund and the noun derived from the same notional verb, we can see that the gerund emphasizes a process while the noun states a fact, e.g. Thank you for your help. (fact) # Thank you for helping me. (process)
As a result of its origin and development, the gerund has a double nature: it has both nominal and verbal features.
|
Nominal Features |
Verbal Features |
1 |
The gerund can perform the functions of subject, object and predicative,
|
The gerund can take a direct, indirect / prepositional object,
|
2 |
The gerund can be preceded by a preposition,
|
The gerund can be modified by an adverb or an adverbial modifier,
|
3 |
The gerund can be modified by a noun in the possessive case or a possessive pronoun,
|
The gerund has the category of voice, e.g.
|
4 |
The gerund can perform the functions of attribute and adverbial modifier,
|
The gerund has the category of correlation,
|
The gerund has only two grammatical categories: the category of voice (active and passive) and the category of correlation (perfect and non-perfect)
Correlation |
Voice |
|
|
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Non-Perfect (Common) |
I remember taking my sister to the theatre for the first time. = Я помню, как повел свою сестру в театр в первый раз. / Я пам'ятаю, як уперше повів свою сестру в театр. |
I remember being taken to the theatre for the first time. = Я помню, как меня повели в театр в первый раз. / Я пам'ятаю, як мене уперше повели в театр. |
Perfect |
Ted entered without having knocked at the door. = Тед вошел, не постучав в дверь. / Тед увійшов, не постукавши у двері.
|
The door opened without having been knocked on. = Дверь отворилась, без стука. (т.е. без того, чтобы в нее постучали.) / Двері відчинилися, без стуку. (= без того, щоб у неї постукали.) |
Note: In Modern English the perfect passive gerund is used very seldom
Gerund can be translated into Russian in different ways:
by an infinitive, e.g. Before going to bed, Jack checked all the locks in the house. = Перед тем как пойти спать, Джек проверил все замки в доме. / Перед тим як піти спати, Джек перевірив всі замки в домі.
by a noun, e.g. Reading English books in the original is my aunt’s hobby. = Чтение английских книг в оригинале – увлечение моей тетушки. / Читання англійських книг в оригіналі - захоплення моєї тіточки.
by using a special form of the verb (деепричастие / дієприслівник), e.g. Fred left the room without looking at anyone. = Фред вышел из комнаты, ни на кого не глядя. / Фред вийшов з кімнати, ні на кого не дивлячись.
by a subordinate clause, e.g. I don’t remember meeting this person before. = Я не помню, чтобы я встречала этого человека раньше. / Я не пам'ятаю, щоб я зустрічала цієї людини раніше.