1.Talk in pairs about accidents you had, while you were doing something else.

For example: I cut (past simple) my hand badly while I was peeling (past continuous) some potatoes. I scraped the side of my car while I was parking in town.

The past perfect

FORMATION

Affirmative		Negative			Interrogative
I You He She It We You They	had worked had come	I You He She It We You They	had not (hadn’t)	worked come	Had	I you he she it we you they	worked? come?

The Past Perfect is formed with the auxiliary had and the Past Participle of the main verb.

USAGE

The Past Perfect is used to denote:

1. An action which happened before another past action or before a stated moment in the past: She had finished work when her friends came.

2. an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past: He was happy. He had signed an important contract.

3. an action in progress which began before a certain moment of time in the past and continued up to that moment or into it (with verbs not used in Continuous forms) : She had been away for some months before his letter came.

4. With conjunctions hardly … when, scarcely … when, no sooner … than. He had hardly come home when the telephone rang. (or Hardly had he come home when the telephone rang.)

The following time expressions can be used with the Past Perfect: ever, never, before, already, yet, always, just, for (used with the period of time), since (used with the beginning of the period of time)

Exercises

1. Explain the use of the Past Perfect forms. Translate into Russian. Start like this:

Model: He was happy. He had passed all his exams. (The verb to pass is used in its Past Perfect tense form to denote an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible in the past.)

1. I understood he had just fallen asleep.

2. I saw he hadn't written a single sentence yet.

3. She had known him long before he left for India.

4. The students had passed their last exam by the 1^st of July and left for the Crimea.

5. No sooner had the clock struck midnight than there was a loud knock on the door.

6. Hardly had he entered the room when he heard some noise.

7. Maggy had scarcely introduced her new boy-friend to me when I recognized him.

8. He went home only after he had spoken to the manager.

9. She wondered where Mum had put her new bag.

10. Mary told me that she hadn't gone to her grandmother since she finished school.

11. When I came to the party Tom had already gone home.

12. I went to the movies after I had done my homework.