9. Insert the necessary phrasal verbs into the sentences.

PICK UP TURN ON RUB OUT WRITE DOWN TURN OVER SIT DOWN PUT AWAY PUT UP COVER UP PUT DOWN TURN OFF STAND UP

a. _______ _______ your pen and then _______ it _______.

b. _______ _______ your books.

c. _______ _______ the words on the board.

d. _______ _______ your pen and _______ _______ some words in your notebook.

e. _______ _______ your mobile phone and then _______ it_______.

f. _______ _______ your papers and _______ your hand _______.

g. Open your book. _______ _______ page 15 with a piece of paper.

Kinds and forms of verbs

Kinds of verbs

1. They distinguish between main (or notional, lexical, or ordinary) verbs which describe a physical/mental action (as play, read, go) and auxiliary verbs which are used with a main verb to form tenses, negatives and questions: Do you go there? or in a short answer: Yes, I do.

Auxiliary verbs are subdivided into:

a) primary verbs that can function either as main verbs or as auxiliary verbs (be, have and do: I am going; I have bought it; Do you like it?);

b) modal verbs that are used to indicate modality – that is, likelihood, ability, permission, and obligation (as can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would: He may come.)

c) link verbs that have lost their original lexical meaning and are used in the compound nominal predicate (be, turn, become, etc.: The soup is good. The Vice President becomes President if the President dies.)

The present indefinite

FORMATION

Affirmative		Negative			Interrogative
I You He She It We You They	go go goes go go go	I You He She It We You They	do not do not does not do not do not do not	go	Do Do Does Do Do Do	I you he she it we you they	go?

The Present Indefinite has the same form as the Infinitive (without to), -s is added for the 3^rd person singular.

The negative is formed with does not + Infinitive (without to) for the 3^rd person singular, and do not + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons. Do not is usually contracted to don't, and does not to doesn't.

The interrogative is formed with does + subject + Infinitive (without to) for the 3^rd person singular, and do + subject + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons.

• Most verbs take -s in the third person singular.

I read - he reads

• Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es.

I kiss - he kisses, I brush - he brushes, I teach - he teaches, I fix - he fixes, I go - he goes

• Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies.

I try- he tries, I fly - he flies

• Verbs ending in a vowel + y, simply take -s.

I buy - he buys

Remember: Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the verbs to be and to have/have got are formed in the following way:

TO BE

Affirmative		Negative		Interrogative
I am You are H e She is It We are They are	a student students	I am not You are not H e She is not It We are not They are not	a student students		Am I Are you He Is she It Are we Are they	a student? students?

TO HAVE/HAVE GOT

Affirmative		Negative			Interrogative
I have You have H e She has It We have They have	have got have got has got have got have got		I do not have You do not have H e She does not have It We do not have They do not have	have not got have not got has not got have not got have not got		Do I have Do you have he have Does she have it have Do we have Do they have	Have I got Have you got he got Has she got it got Have we got Have they got