Неличные формы глагола

VERBALS

I. The Participle. Причастие

Причастие – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия. В английском языке два причастия - Participle I и Participle II.

Participle I (причастие настоящего времени) образуется от основы глагола путем прибавления -ing. На русский язык обычно переводится действительным причастием настоящего времени (с суффиксами -ущ, -ющ, -ащ, -ящ) и деепричастием:

to read - reading - читающий, читая

to speak - speaking - говорящий, говоря

Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени) у правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления –ed к основе глагола. У неправильных глаголов Participle II представлено третьей формой (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов). На русский язык переводится страдательным причастием прошедшего времени (оканчивающимся на -мый, -ный, -тый), обозначая законченное действие, выполненное над каким-либо объектом:

to decide - decided - решенный

to break - broken - разбитый

Participle I и Participle II употребляются в предложении в качестве:

1) определения (до и после определяемого слова):

I always feel sorry for a crying child.

The child crying in the shop has lost his mother

The injured boy was taken to hospital.

The в предложении в качестве: taken to hospital.аким-либо объектом:

ибавления 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.

2) обстоятельства (Particple I обычно переводится деепричастием, а Participle II - причастием):

Waiting for the show to begin, I felt really nervous. – Ожидая начала шоу, я сильно нервничал.

Made of glass, the thing was fragile. – Сделанная из стекла, вещица была хрупкой.

3) частью сказуемого времен группы Continuous (Participle I) и сказуемого в страдательном залоге (Participle II).

He is living in London at the moment.

The books will be sent to you.

Упр. 214. Прочитайте и переведите Participle I и Participle II.

to control - controlling - controlled

to patrol - patrolling - patrolled

to find - finding - found

to give - giving - given

to steal - stealing - stolen

to appoint - appointing - appointed

to protect - protecting - protected

to make - making - made

to commit - committing - committed

Упр. 215. Образуйте Participle I и Participle II от глаголов и переведите их.

To form, to direct, to defend, to trace, to arrest, to decide, to stop, to write, to leave, to lose, to see, to pay, to show, to bring.

Упр. 216. Прочтите и переведите словосочетания, в которых причастия употреблены в качестве определений.

а) a singing girl; burning heat; boiling oil; running water; tourists visiting the city; a man living in the centre of the town; children swimming in the river; the old man reading a newspaper; the woman crossing the street; people building the house; a person taking a taxi; students writing a test;

б) a developed country; a stolen car; specially equipped classrooms; the uniformed police division; a lost key; a written translation; information on wanted criminals; discovered fingerprints; the problem discussed at the conference; the text translated by the students; the law broken very often; the crime solved last week; police forces controlled by the government; the motor vehicle arrested by police; the bank robbed two years ago.

Упр. 217. Переведите, обращая внимание на Participle I.

1. She came up to the man standing at the door. 2. There was a lot of work waiting for us. 3. The children playing in the garden are very noisy. 4. The hall was full of laughing people. 5. Entering the room he stumbled and hurt his foot. 6. After the race Tom came up to us breathing heavily. 7. She didn’t like the flowers growing around the house. 8. Walking through the park Jack became the witness of a mugging. 9. Beginning the work she won’t forget our instructions. 10. We are not the fans of the losing team. 11. He noticed a man following him and decided it was a detective. 12. Leaving the house, don’t forget to lock the door properly. 13. While speaking to Jane he didn’t tell her the truth about her husband. 14. The girl was afraid of the dog barking at her.

Упр. 218. Переведите, обращая внимание на Participle II.

1. He doesn’t like boiled milk. 2. The family quarrel began with a broken cup. 3. The novels written by Frank Herbert are very interesting. 4. I remember well his words told on St. Valentine’s Day. 5. Asked about the details of the assault, he said nothing. 6. This is the church built in the 19th century. 7. At the party she was wearing the dress bought in Paris. 8. The stolen things were returned to the owner. 9. The Japanese are interested in the goods produced at this factory. 10. The police never found the money stolen in the robbery. 11. There was a red Lexus parked outside the office. 12. What is the name of the arrested burglar? 13. Here is the fax received this morning. 14. They stopped before a locked door.

Упр. 219. Переведите, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

1. a) A letter sent from Moscow today will be in New York in two weeks.

b) At the post office she saw many people sending parcels.

c) Sending a telegram he forgot to write his name.

2. a) The vegetables put into the cellar were very good.

b) The boy putting the toys into the box is my son.

c) While putting the cups into the cupboard she broke one of them.

3. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.

b) A person taking a sunbath must be very careful.

c) Taking lessons in painting she didn’t have time to do sports.

4. a) I saw my room-mate saying goodbye to his parents.

b) She didn’t understand the word said by him.

c) Saying the words of gratitude she was quite sincere.

5. a) He lives a lonely life keeping the memory of those days in his heart.

b) The children always want to see the things kept in the attic.

c) Who is the person keeping his money in your safe?

Упр. 220. Выберите необходимую форму причастия.

1. a) There was a clean white cloth (covering, covered) the table.

b) There was a table (covering, covered) by a clean white cloth.

2. a) The man (attacking, attacked) by the dog was seriously injured.

b) The dog (attacking, attacked) my friend was pulled off by its owner.

3. a) Everyone went home early (leaving, left) a terrible mess behind.

b) We cleared up the things (leaving, left) behind after the party.

4. a) I saw a man (carrying, carried) a heavy wooden box.

b) We lost some of the luggage (carrying, carried) on the board of the plane.

5. a) The problems (facing, faced) by the government are growing more serious every day.

b) There are a lot of problems (facing, faced) us at the moment.

6. a) I heard somebody (speaking, spoken) French.

b) Tagalog is one of the languages (speaking, spoken) in the Philippines.

7. A story (writing, written) by a young girl won the competition.

8. The law (passing, passed) by the Congress is very important.

9. The girl picked up the coin (lying, lain) on the floor.

10. The (losing, lost) file was found at last.

11. (Coming, come) to the lake, the hikers stopped to have a rest.

12. A lot of people (inviting, invited) to the party cannot come.

13. Somebody (calling, called) Jack phoned while you were out.

14. Life must be very unpleasant for people (living, lived) near busy airports.

15. The window (breaking, broken) in the storm was repaired.

16. The factory (employing, employed) 500 people have just opened in the town.

17. (Making, made) of hard rock, the statue has been standing here for hundreds of years.

18. He soon returned (holding, held) a gun in his hand.

Упр. 221. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Participle I или Participle II.

1. Who is the man (stand) near the counter? 2. She smiled to herself, (please) with the impression that she had made on everybody. 3. A few days after the interview, I received a letter (offer) me a job. 4. Do you know the boy (come) towards us? 5. (Use) properly, the medicine will give an immediate effect. 6. Vegetables (grow) in the south are richer in vitamins. 7. Jerry has got a brother (work) in a bank in London and a sister (study) economics at university in Manchester. 8. The people (invite) for the interview sat down round a big table. 9. (Be) ill, she stayed at home. 10. The old lady cried, (impress) by the tragic story. 11. When I entered the waiting room it was empty except for a young man (stand) by the window and (read) a magazine. 12. (Come) closer, he introduced himself. 13. (Wait) for his friends, John watched the people (pass) by. 14. The company sent me a brochure (contain) all the information I needed. 15. The paintings (steal) from the museum haven’t been found yet.

few days after the interview, I received a letter (offer) me a job.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000