Завдання № 1

Read and translate orally the chapters of the book on Ukraine: “Under Soviet Rule”, “World War II”, “O. Dovzhenko”. Write out the meanings of the following words from the dictionary and memorize them:

to involve

to devastate

to embark

to invade

to seize

to frustrate

to depict

entity

prosecution

support

atrocity

attainment

acclaim

exile

forceful

manmade

eager

staunch

vivid

posthumous

Завдання № 2

Match the years with the events, as shown below, and translate each sentence in a written form:

1917 – The Civil War began in Ukraine.

1920 –

1931 –

1933 –

1941 –

1942 –

Завдання № 3

Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple, Present Perfect or Past Perfect (Active or Passive):

1. In 1939 the USSR and the Germany (to sign) a Treaty.

2. Dovzhenko (to spend) over four years on the film “Shchors” which appeared in 1939.

3. Germany’s plans (to frustrate) by the Red Army’s staunch resistance.

4. Ukrainian attainments in the cultural domain (to receive) world acclaim.

5. We were told that hundreds of thousands (to put) to death at the Yanivka camp in Lviv and in the Baby Yar near Kyiv.

Завдання № 4

Answer the following questions on the text:

1. What city was the first capital of Soviet Ukraine?

2. How many Ukrainians did the famine of 1932-33 kill?

3. What Ukrainian cities were titled “Hero-Cities” after WW II?

4. What partisan formations were known during WW II?

5. When was the Ukrainian Insurgent Army formed?

6. What battle marked the beginning of the liberation of Ukrainian lands from the Nazi?

7. When was the entire territory of Ukraine cleared of the aggressor?

8. What Ukrainian artist devoted his short stories and “film novels” to Ukraine’s tragic fate during the Second World War?

9. When was Transcarpathian Ukraine joined to the Ukr. SSR?

10. When was the Crimea given to Ukraine?

Завдання № 5

Translate in written form marked in the text passages:

Under Soviet Rule

The Civil War in Ukraine (1917-1920) involved a multitude of political forces, but gradually the Bolsheviks got the upper hand. Ukraine became a republic within the USSR and its status had certain advantages compared to that in the Russian Empire. Now it was a national and territorial entity having its own capital (Kharkiv, in 1919-34, and then Kyiv), and a government which had certain, even though limited powers.

Ukraine's economy, devastated by WWI and the Civil War, was basically restored in 1925-26. The Soviet Ukrainian government embarked on the policy of industrialization. A lot of industrial enterprises were built on the Dnieper (1927-32), the biggest tractor plant in Kharkiv (1931), and the metallurgical complex in Zaporizhya (1933) were constructed.

The forceful collectivization of agriculture (1927-32) led to the manmade Holodomor (Famine) of 1932-33, killing some 5,000,000 in Ukraine alone. Private land ownership was liquidated in the process of collectivization.

In the period between the two world wars the national rights of Ukrainians in Western Ukraine (under Poland) were dramatically limited. And yet, despite all prosecution, there were Ukrainian banks, cultural-educational institutions, and associations. Ukrainian periodicals were published. And everywhere the idea of Ukrainian political sovereignty found an increasing support, likewise in Bukovyna (under Romania) and in Transcarpathia (under Czechoslovakia).

After Poland's capitulation to Nazi Germany in 1939, the USSR and Germany signed a Treaty on which the Soviet Union came in possession of Western Ukraine. On October 22, 1939 the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine adopted a Declaration on Western Ukraine's joining the Ukr.SSR.

World War II

On June 22, 1941, Germany suddenly invaded the Soviet Union, starting the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Ukraine was one of the main strategic targets of the Wehrmacht eager to seize the USSR's industrially developed south. Still the Red Army's staunch resistance frustrated Germany's plans. The Battles of Kyiv, Odessa and Sevastopol (these three cities were titled "Hero-cities" after the war) slowed the Nazi offensive. In Ukraine the Nazi occupation regime was marked by special cruelty. In the years of the war its population dropped by 14.5 million. There were more than 200 concentration camps. Hundreds of thousands were put to death at the Yanivka camp in Lviv and in the Babi Yar ravine near Kyiv. Some 250 villages of Ukraine were burned together with their residents.

Nazi atrocities caused growing resistance from the Ukrainian people. The first partisan units appeared already in the summer of 1941. The biggest formations were led by S.Kovpak, O.Fyodorov and O.Saburov. The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), formed by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, then led by S.Bandera, began to combat the occupiers in the fall of 1942.

The Battle of Stalingrad, which turned the tide of WW II, also marked the beginning of liberation of the Ukrainian lands. The entire territory of Ukraine was cleared of the aggressor in October 1944. For participation in battles for the liberation of Ukraine 3,755 men and officers of the Soviet Army were bestowed the title "Hero of the Soviet Union". The Ukrainian nation produced a number of prominent military leaders, among them R.Malynovsky, I.Chernyakhovsky, S.Tymoshenko, K.Moskalenko, P.Rybalko... War ace pilot I.Kozhedub was named Hero of the Soviet Union three times.

After the Second World War almost all Ukrainian territories were united within the USSR. Transcarpathian Ukraine was joined to the Ukr.SSR as a separate region in 1945. By a Decree of 1954 of the USSR Supreme Soviet the Crimea was given to Ukraine.

Ukraine's economy was restored over a period of five years after the war. Over the decades after WW II Ukraine showed good progress in all industries and agriculture. Its attainments in the cultural domain received world acclaim.

O. DOVZHENKO

Oleksander Dovzhenko, born 10 September 1894 in the village of Sosnytsia, Chernihiv gubernia, died 25 November 1956 in Moscow. After graduating from the Hlukhiv teacher’s seminary in 1914, Dovzhenko worked as a teacher in Zhytomyr. In 1917-21 he participated in the revolutionary events in Kyiv. In 1921-23 he worked in Warsaw and Berlin as a member of Ukrainian diplomatic missions. In 1923-26 he drew caricatures for the newspaper Visti in Kharkiv and played an active role in the literary life of the city. He had begun studying painting in Berlin in the school of E.Hechel and continued to paint in Kharkiv.

In 1926 Dovzhenko began to work as a film director at the Odessa Artistic Film Studio. In 1927 he created the film Zvenyhora, which is considered to mark the beginning of Ukrainian national cinematography. Dovzhenko’s expressionist film Arsenal (1929) is devoted to the revolutionary events in Kyiv in 1918. His last silent movie “The Earth” (1930), dealing with the collectivization drive in Ukraine, is a masterpiece. Dovzhenko was severely criticized as a Ukrainian nationalist for this film and for the next film, Ivan (1932), about the building of the Dnieper Dam. He was forced to move to Moscow, where he lived as if in exile until his death. In Moscow he made Aerograd (1935) about the Far East and spent over four years on the film Shchors (1939), which depicts the struggle of the Bolshevik army against the Ukrainian forces defending Ukraine’s statehood. During the Second World War Dovzhenko made three chronicle films. In 1948 he made his last film, Life in Bloom, which was devoted to I. Michurin. Dovzhenko’s rich lyricism, his vivid characters, and the poetic power of his landscapesearned him a reputation as “first poet of the cinema” and as one of the world’s leading film directors. An international jury in 1958 ranked The Earth among the 12 best films in world cinematography.

From the beginning of the Second World War Dovzhenko devoted more of his time to writing than to directing. He wrote a few dozen short stories, mostly about Ukraine’s tragic fate during the Second World War, and a number of novels of a new genre, “film novels”: Ukraine in flames (1943), prohibited from publication by J.Stalin because of its nationalism and published posthumously only in experts; The Tale of Fiery Years (1945); and A Poem about the Sea (1956). His autobiographical novel The Enchanted Desna (1955) is e literary masterpiece. All of his novels were published posthumously. After Dovzhenko’s death his wife, Ye.Solntseva, who is also a film director, made some films using his scripts.

ВАРІАНТ № 4