Завдання № 1

Read and translate orally the chapters of the book on Ukraine: “The development of Ukrainian Science”, “V.Vernadsky”. Write out the meanings of the following words from the dictionary and memorize them:

to comprise

to rank

to maintain

to expend

to chair

to resign

to draft

venue

shape

accomplishment

storage

link

soil

core

coup

wing

treaty

tangible

honorary

vocal

Завдання № 2

Match the years with the events, as shown below, and translate each sentence in a written form:

1917 – The February Revolution took place.

1863 –

1886 –

1918 –

1919 –

1921 –

Завдання № 3

Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple, Present Perfect or Past Perfect (Active or Passive):

1. During all these years the National Academy of Ukraine (to maintain and to expand) international contacts with academies and research centres in many countries.

2. The National Academy of Ukraine (to rank) with Europe’s leading scientific venues.

3. Our teacher said that Vernadsky (to teach) at Moskow University till 1911.

4. Vernadsky (to be) a professor and rector of Tavriia University in Simferopol in 1920.

5. Over the past several years research and technological cooperation with many countries (to develop).

Завдання № 4

Answer the following questions on the text:

1. What was the major venue of science in the 18^th century?

2. In what universities did the first national schools of sciences take place?

3. What universally recognized Ukrainian scientists do you know?

4. Who was the first president of the National Academy of Ukraine?

5. What did Vernadsky study?

6. Where did he study?

7. When did he serve as president of the National Academy of Sciences?

8. Who is the president of the National Academy of Ukraine at present?

9. How many Academicians and Corresponding members does the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine include?

10. In what spheres of science do we have world-renowned achievements?

Завдання № 5

Translate in written form marked in the text passages:

The Development of Ukrainian Science

In Old Rus monasteries were the first venues of sciences. A major such venue of the 18^th century was Kyiv Mohyla Academy. In the 19^th c. the universities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa and Lviv became noted research centers where the first national schools of sciences took shape.

Much credit in the development of Ukrainian science is due to M.Ostrohradsky (mathematics), O.Bodiansky (linguistics), V.Antonovych (history), M.Maksymovych (ethnography and plant physiology), V.Obraztsov, F.Yanovsky, V.Karavaiev, O.Bets, M.Strazhesko, M.Volkovych, and V.Filatov (medicine).

The creation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1918 was an event of historic import. Among its founding members were V.Vernadsky, a famous 20^th c. scientist and naturalist; noted historians M.Hrushevsky and D.Bahalii; orientalist A.Krymsky; mechanics expert S.Tymoshenko; lawyer M.Vasylenko, and many others. Associated with the Academy are the names of outstanding scientists, among them physician and mathematician M.Boholiubov, biologist M.Kashchenko, microbiologist and epidemiologist D. Zabolotny, botanists Ye. Votchal, O. Fomin, M. Kholodny, archeologist and etnographer M. Biliashivsky, zoologist I. Schmalhauzen, economist K. Vobly, and demographer M. Ptukha. World-reputed scholls appeared, headed by D. Hrave (algebra), M. Krylov (mathematical physics), Ye. Paton (electric welding and bridge construction), L. Pysarzhevsky (chemistry), O. Dynnyk (mechanics and elasticity theory), O. Bohomolets (experimental pathology).

At present, the National Academy of Sciences comprises 170 research centres with powerful research-and-productive facilities. All told, there aresome 2,500 Doctors and 10,000 Candidates of Science. There are 203 Academicians and 280 Corresponding members, plus 81 foreign members from 18 countries, including the USA, France, Germany, the UK, Italy, and Japan.

The National Academy of Ukraine ranks with Europe’s leading scientific venues. Among its attainments are outstanding accomplishment in natural history and technology, along with tangible contributions to sociology and the humanities.

Since 1962 its President has been Boris Paton, a noted scientist, organizer, honorary member of academies in many countries.

A great deal has been done in the leading sciences over the past several years. Thus, the world’s first laser data storage came as the result of complex developments by experts on informatics, physics, physical metallurgy and chemistry. World priorities have a number of achievements in machine building, rocket and computer technology, molecular biology, genetic engineering, microbiology and medicine.

The National Academy of Ukraine maintains and expands international contacts with academies and research associations and centres in many countries. Over the past several years research and technological cooperation treaties and agreements have been signed with many countries.

V. Vernadsky

Volodymyr Vernadsky, born 12 March 1863 in St. Petersburg, died 6 January 1945 in Moscow. Pioneering geochemist, mineralogist, and crystallographer, philosopher of science, political activist and politician; full member of the Russian (later USSR) Academy of Sciences, the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences, and member of the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv, the Poltava Prosvita Society, the Shevchenko

Scientific Society and the Volhynian Scientific Society. After graduating from St. Petersburg University (1885) he did graduate work there and in Munich and Paris (1838-9) and was elected president (1886) of the United Council of Regional Student Organizations in the Russian Empire. He taught at Moscow University (1891-1911) and was a member of the Russian State Council (1906-11). Vernadsky had close genealogical, personal, and intellectual links to Ukraine. From 1889 to 1918 he spent part of nearly every summer in Poltava gubernia. In 1890 he researched the soils of Kremenchuk County as a member of V. Dokuchaev’s soil-science expedition.

After the February Revolution of 1917 Vernadsky chaired the Agricultural Scholarly Committee of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, and was appointed the Russian deputy minister of education in charge of all universities and scientific institutions. After the Bolshevik coup he fled to Ukraine. In 1918 he headed the group of Ukrainian scholars that drafted the detailed project for founding the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. In 1918-19 he served as its first president, and lectured in Kyiv University. Although he was liberal supporter of the idea of ‘Russian’ unity and a vocal opponent of the Bolsheviks, Whites, he resigned from the Russian Constitutional Democratic party because of the Russian chauvinism of its Ukrainian wing. In 1919, while visiting Rostov, he was unable to return to Ukraine and ended up in the White-controlled Crimea, where he was a professor and rector of Tavriia University in Simferopol in 1920.

In 1921 Vernadsky returned to Petrograd and organized the Radium Institute there. In 1922 he went to Paris to work with M. Curie and lecture at the Sorbonne. In 1926 he returned Russia, and from 1928 until his death he directed the USSR academy’s Radium Institute and Laboratory for Geochemical Problems.

Vernadsky’s ideas became the core of new directions in geology, mineralogy, and hydrogeology, and he is regarded as the founder of Soviet geochemistry and biogeochemistry. He is the author of the fundamental studies on the regularities in the composition and structure of Earth, the chemical composition of the crust, hydro- and atmosphere, the role and importance of radioactive elements in the planet’s evolution, and the place of living matter in its history. Vernadsky’s findings are universally recognized.

ВАРІАНТ № 25