МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ

ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ МАШИНОБУДІВНИЙ КОЛЕДЖ

ОДЗ № 1

з навчальної дисципліни

«Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням)»

Варіант №

Виконав: студент гр. МЕП 101

Перевірив: викладач

Печенізька Т.В.

ХАРКІВ, 2013

ВАРІАНТ № 1

Завдання № 1

Read and translate orally the chapters of the book on Ukraine: “Kyiv Rus”, “Halych-Volyn Rus”, “The Cossack Republic”. Write out the meanings of the following words from the dictionary and memorize them:

to bear

to unearth

to mention

to defeat

to split

to break out

to baptize

community

strife

invaders

apex

siege

successor

fortifications

mighty

medieval

subtle

cautious

crucial

sheer

Завдання № 2

Match the years with the events, as shown below, and translate each sentence in a written form:

1899 – The world came to know about the Tripillya culture.

882 –

955 –

988 –

1240 –

1340 –

Завдання № 3

Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple, Present Perfect or Past Perfect (Active or Passive):

1. Every student knew that in 1648 the Polish army (to lose) several battles to the Cossack forces.

2. New cities of Lviv and Kholm (to develop) by Prince Danylo of Halych.

3. The Ukrainian Cossacks (to play) an important role in our history.

4. Prince Volodymyr the Great (to introduce) the Eastern Orthodox faith in 988.

5. Kyiv Princess Olha (to baptize) at Constantinopol by 956.

Завдання № 4

Answer the following questions on the text:

1. When were Cossacks first mentioned?

2. What does the word “Sich” mean?

3. What was the predominant idea of the Sich Host?

4. When did a national liberation war break out?

5. What led to the Treaty of Pereyaslav?

6. When was the Turko-Tatar army defeated?

7. Where is Khortytsia Island located?

8. When was the first fortress built on the island?

9. Who used the island as his military base?

10. Where was the first fortress built?

Завдання № 5

Translate in written form marked in the text passages:

Kyiv Rus

The Paleolithic early Stone Age bears witness to human presence on the territory of present-day Ukraine. One of the planet's oldest human settlements, separated from our time by 800,000 years, was unearthed in the territory of present-day Ukraine near Korolyove, a village in Transcarpathia. In 1899 the world came to know about the Trypillya culture which appeared in the mid-fourth millennium B.C.

The coming centuries saw the formation of new ethnic and cultural communities in Ukraine. Written sources mention the Cimmerians, the Taurians, the Scythians, the Antes and the Slavs.

Over a thousand years ago, on the vast expanses stretching from the Carpathian Mountains in the west to the Volga River in the east, from the Black Sea in the south to the White Sea in the north, appeared one of the largest and mightiest medieval powers, Kyiv Rus.

In 882, the most legendary Prince Oleh the Seer defeated Kyiv Princes Askold and Dir and rallied round Kyiv the Slavic tribes of Eastern Europe. "Let Kyiv be Mother of Rus cities", he said as the chronicle reads.

Under the first Kyiv Princes Oleh the Seer, Ihor the Elder and Svyatoslav the Warrior Kyiv Rus became a strong power in Eastern Europe. In 955, Kyiv Princess Olha was baptized at Constantinopol. The Eastern Orthodox faith was introduced in Rus by Prince Volodymyr the Great, and the first ceremony of baptism took place in 988.

It was under Prince Volodymyr the Great (980-1015) and Prince Yaroslav the Wise (1019-1054) that Kyiv Rus reached its apex, becoming a major factor in European politics. But in the twelfth century feudal strife split Kyiv Rus into principalities and lands.

Then came the formidable Mongol hords of Batu Khan, emptying wheat fields and ruining ancient cities. In 1240 the invaders approached Kyiv. The siege was long, but the enemy was strong and the capital fell.

Halych-Volyn Rus

After the fall of Kyiv Rus the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynsky grew and prospered in Western Ukraine. In 1199 they were united by Prince Roman Mstyslavovych, a gifted military leader into the Halych-Volyn Principality. His successor Prince Daniel (Danylo) of Halych (1228-1264) continued his father's work, further strengthening his state. He defended its independence against the Hungarians, Teutonic knights, and Tatars. He was a subtle and cautious diplomat, and he promoted culture and developed the new cities of Lviv and Kholm.

In 1340 the state fell apart. Later Halychyna was incorporated into the Polish Kingdom and the Eastern Ukrainian territories fell to Lithuania. In 1569 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was formed. The long period of struggle of the Ukrainian people for their national and social liberation began.

The Cossack Republic

The word Cossack means a free and independent man. Cossacks were first mentioned in writing in 1492. In the sixteenth century the Cossacks united in a single military organization. The first fortifications were built on Mala Khortytsia Island, in the lower reaches of Dnieper, beyond the rapids. Hence the name, Zaporizhia.

The word sich comes from Ukrainian sikty, meaning to chop up, cut because the Cossacks cut trees to make their fortifications of wood.

Fighting the enemies of the Eastern Orthodox faith and for the independence of the native land was the predominant idea of the Sich host. The end of the sixteenth century witnessed joint peasant-Cossack revolts against the Polish social, economic, religious and cultural oppression. In 1648 a national liberation war broke out in Ukraine, led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. That same year the Polish army lost several battles to the Cossack forces. On December 23, 1648, Kyiv joyously welcomed the victorious Cossacks. But this was just the beginning. Ahead lay the long years of armed struggle for the Ukrainian people's freedom and independence, wiili the Cossacks playing the crucial role.

Squeezed between the three powerful countries -- Muscovy, Poland and the Ottoman Empire with its vassal Crimean Khanate Ukraine had to seek allies. This led to the Treaty of Pereyaslav (1654), a military and political alliance with Russia. In 1667 Moscow and Warsaw divided Ukraine between the two of them, whereby the Right Bank went to Poland and the Left Rank to Muscovy. For the Ukrainian people it was sheer political disaster.

The Ukrainian Cossacks played an important role in European political history. In 1621 a Cossack host led by Hetman P.Sagaidaehny. in an alliance with Poland, defeated the Turko-Tatar army mid stopped the Ottoman Empire's onslaught in Europe. Cossacks were in the front ranks of Russian forces in the Russo-Turkish wars of the 18th century, and in battles against the Crimean Tatars.

Khortytsia Island

Khortytsia Island is the largest island in the Dnieper River, situated south of the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station and now a part of the city of Zaporizhia. It is 12 km long and 2.5 km wide, and covers an area of over 3,000 ha. The island was located on 'the route from Varangians to the Greeks' and was first mentioned as St Gregory's Island in the mid-lOth century. In 972 Prince Sviatoslav I Ihorevych died in the battle against the Pechenegs at the nearby Dnieper Rapids. The princes of Rus under Sviatopolk II Iziaslavych gathered on the island in 1103 to begin their campaign against the Cumans. In 1224 the Rus princes conferred there before engaging the Tatars in battle. The island played an important role in the Cossack wars with the Tatars and Poles. In the 1550s Prince D. Vyshnevetsky built a Cossack fortress 10 km north on Mala Khortytsia Island, which served as a bulwark against various invaders. In 1557 a Tatar-Turkish army attacked the stronghold and eventually destroyed it. With brief intervals, a garrison of registered Cossacks was stationed on Khortytsia Island between 1596 and 1648. Hetmans T.Fedorovych (1630) and I.Sulyma (1635) launched their anti-Polish rebellions from there, and in 1648 Hetman B.Khmelnytsky routed its Polish garrison. In the 1660s and 1670s the Zaporizhian otaman I.Sirko used the island as his military base. The island was part of the territory held by the Zaporizhian Sich until its destruction in 1775. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1735-9 a fortress and shipyard were built there in 1737; their remains have been preserved to this day. Now the island is a historical-cultural preserve.

ВАРІАНТ № 2