After text activity

I. Reading Exercises:

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

caterpillar tracked tractor, during construction work, engineering vehicle, dozer blade, plough fields, armoured tank, tracked vehicles, earthmoving jobs, excavation machine, manipulation of the blade, automated controls, long claw-like device, be broken, agricultural ripping, another piece of earthmoving equipment.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1. What does the term “ bulldozer” mean?

2. How were tracked vehicles used by the 1920s?

3. What is a more recent innovation of bulldozers?

4. Where is the ripper situated?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1. The term “bulldozer” is often used	a) a large thick metal plate in front.
2. These tractors were equipped with	b) to push another piece of earthmoving equipment known as a "scraper".
3. The ripper shank is fitted with	c) to mean any heavy engineering vehicle.
4. Sometimes a bulldozer is used	d) a replaceable tungsten steel alloy tip.

Exercise 4.Open brackets choosing the right words:

Important improvements (include/exclude) more powerful engines, more (reliable/sophisticated) drive trains, better tracks, raised cabins, and hydraulic (instead of early models' cable operated) arms that enable more precise manipulation of the blade and (remote/automated) controls.

The speaking module

II. Speaking Exercises:

Exercise 1. Describe tractor, bulldozer, truck, tracked vehicle

using the suggested words and expressions as in example:

- tractor

used in; a wheeled vehicle; farming; other applications; with large wheels.

example:

A tractor is a wheeled vehicle with large wheels used in farming and other applications .

- bulldozer

with a large blade; for clearing ground; powerful tractor.

- truck

a handcart; a frame with two low wheels; a ledge; at the bottom; handles; at the top; to move; heavy objects.

- tracked vehicle

self propelled; vehicle; to move; on tracks.

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:

1) Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answers: Usually, a single shank is preferred for heavy ripping.

2) Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answers: The blade peels layers of soil and pushes it forward as the tractor advances.

3) Question: ___________________________________________ ?

Answers: In some early models the driver sat on top in the open without a cabin.

The writing module

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:

or; referred to; for; by; addition of; acceptance.

These attachments, home built _____ by small equipment manufacturers of attachments for wheeled and crawler tractors and trucks, appeared _____ 1929, widespread acceptance of the bull-grader does not seem to appear before the mid-1930s, and the _____ powered down force made them the preferred excavation machine _____ large and small contractors alike by the 1940s, by which time the term "bulldozer" _____ the entire machine and not just the attachment.

Exercise 2. Fill in the table with words and expressions from the text:

	processes	types of works	parts	possibility
Example: the blade	peels layers of soil and pushes it forward as the tractor advances
several specialized blades have been developed for:
important improvements include
bulldozers can be equipped with

Exercise 3. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 100 words):

“The first bulldozers”

“Important improvements of a bulldozer”

“Advantages of agricultural ripping”