3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая разные возможности перевода герундия на русский язык.

1. Factors of production include labour, capital and natural resources

used in producing goods and services. 2. The change of the exchange rate resulted in renegotiating the price. 3. The cameras sold well after having been promoted. 4. In determining the probability of this enterprise, the entrepreneur sets surplus against the capital spent. 5. After revealing the secret of capitalist exploitation, Marx discovered the basic law of capitalist mode of production.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие конструкции с причастиями, герундием и инфинитивом.

1. Every enterprise would like fuel and raw materials to be cheap. 2. Being a commodity, labour power also has a use-value, which includes the wage, that is worker's capacity to create value greater than the value of his labour during production. 3. Historians suppose the name "London" to come from a Celtic word. 4. The new method is believed to have given good results. 5. Speculation is buying and selling with a view to buying and selling after when prices have changed. 6. The Physiocrats regarded the state's role as simply that of preserving property and upholding the natural order. 7. Communications being easy, buyers and sellers are numerous and competition is completely free. 8. Transfer costs should include all costs of achieving these physical transfers, including loading and unloading costs, administrative costs, etc. 9. Having created products to meet present and future needs, we must ensure that they provide optimum cost performance (оптимальную характеристику стоимости).

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения,

содержащие условные придаточные предложения.

1. If prices increase we shan't be able to buy more fuel from you. 2. If

you gave us a 5% discount we would increase our purchase of fuel. 3. If there had been an excess of this commodity the demand would have fallen. 4. Had the terms been reasonable the contract would have been signed immediately. 5.If you think we are living in an age of technology, you are perfectly right. If you think this is a phenomenon of recent years or centuries, you are entirely wrong. 6. If we look at the structure of societies, it will be seen that they are divided into different levels, or strata. 7. If we could go back thousands of years, we should find that people who lived at that time also had to think of necessary supplies of food and clothing, and of suitable shelter. 8. Trade would have developed, if some surplus had been produced. 9. The great development of industry that occurred in the 19^th century would not have been possible if it had not been for the invention of steam.

5. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие

усилительные (эмфатические) конструкции.

1. The quality and quantity of the necessary means of substance do

depend on certain factors. 2. It is the development of the forms of value that led to the appearance of money itself. 3. It is the working people who suffer most from the inflation. 4. It was two years ago when the firm built this factory. 5. It was the mechanized cotton mills of the North of England that were making wealth.