Assignments to do:
I Remember:
The rules of reading the letter combinations ng is pronounced as [ɳ]: long
II Read the words paying attention to their pronunciation:
Reading, to bring, spring, swimming, aerating, fascinating, producing, inoculating, evening.
III Read the following numerals:
13, 30, 54, 27th, 0,07, 20, 12, 11th, 13rd
IV Form the original numbers:
Twenty… Sixteen… Three… Twelve… Fourteen… |
Eight… Fifteen… Seven… Seventeen… Eleven… |
Nine… Five… One… Six… Eighteen… |
V Write the following numerals:
5,2,3,21,40,113,154,12
VI Read and translate the text about the commercial microbial products
The commercial microbial products
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to make products useful to humans.
Vitamins are sold in large quantities combined in tablet form and are used as individual food supplements. Microbes can provide an inexpensive source of some vitamins. Vitamin B I is produced by Pseudomonas and Propionibacterium species. Riboflavin (B 2 ) is another vitamin produced by fermentation, mostly by fungi such as Ashbya gossypii. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is produced at the rate of 20,000 tons per year by a complicated modification of glucose by Acetobacter species.
Modern pharmaceutical microbiology developed after World War II, when production of antibiotics was introduced. All antibiotics were originally the products of microbial metabolism. Many are still produced by microbial fermentations, and work continues on the selection of more productive mutants by nutritional and genetic manipulations. At least 6000 antibiotics have been described. One organism, Streptomyces hygroscopius, has different strains that make almost 200 different antibiotics. Antibiotics are typically made industrially by inoculating a solution of growth medium with spores of the appropriate mold or streptomycete and vigorously aerating it.
VII Remember the following word and word-combinations:
Quantity, combined in tablet form, food supplements, inexpensive source, rate, to introduce, appropriate, vigorously aerating.
VIII Give Russian equivalents:
Генетические манипуляции, промышленная ферментация, пищевые добавки, полезные для людей, аскорбиновая кислота.
IX Answer the questions:
What are industrial fermentations?
What kind commercial microbial product do you know?
What vitamin is produced by Pseudomonas and Propionibacterium species?
What vitamin is produced by Ashbya gossypii?
What vitamin is produced by Acetobacter species?
X Retell the text.
45 Practical lesson
Rules of reading: The letter combinations kn:
Word formation: suffix of adjective – able
Text: Biotechnology and future
Assignments to do:
I Remember:
The rules of reading the letter combinations kn is pronounced as [n]: to know
Suffix – able form the adjectives from the verbs: to renew – renewable
II Read the words paying attention to their pronunciation:
Knife, knack, knowledge, knap, knee.
III Form adjective from the verb:
To comfort, to increase, to read, to avail, to value.
IV Read and translate the text about biotechnology