
- •Министерство образования и науки республики казахстан южно-казахстанский государственный университет им. .М.Ауезова
- •What is Biotechnology?
- •Vocabulary
- •History of biotechnology
- •Vocabulary
- •Applications of biotechnology in different areas
- •Vocabulary
- •Objects of biotechnology
- •Vocabulary
- •Assignments to do:
- •Microscopy: The Instruments
- •X Answer the questions:
- •Assignments to do:
- •I Remember:
- •II Read the words paying attention to the pronunciation:
- •III Read and translate the following words:
- •IV Read and translate the text about prokaryotic cell The prokaryotic cell
- •V Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •Assignments to do:
- •II Read the words paying attention to prefixes and translate them:
- •III Read and translate the text about classification of shapes of bacteria
- •Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria
- •IV Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •V Give the synonyms of the following words:
- •VI Complete the sentences with some or any.
- •Assignments to do:
- •The eukaryotic cell
- •Assignments to do:
- •The Evolution of Eukaryotes
- •VI Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •VII Find in the text pairs of synonyms and remember trhem:
- •VIII Paraphrase the sentences using synonyms:
- •Assignments to do:
- •Microbial Metabolism
- •V Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •VI True or false?
- •Assignments to do:
- •Enzymes and Chemical Reactions
- •VII Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •VIII Fill in the gaps with the proper words:
- •Assignments to do:
- •Photosynthesis
- •Assignments to do:
- •A nutritional classification of organisms
- •Assignments to do:
- •Physical Requirements for Growth of microorganisms
- •Assignments to do:
- •Chemical Requirements for Growth of microorganisms
- •VI Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •VII Give the synonyms to the following words:
- •VIII Translate to the following sentence into English:
- •VIII Translate to the following sentence into Russian:
- •Assignments to do:
- •Fermentation Technology
- •X Answer the questions:
- •XI Describe the figure 9.
- •Application of microorganisms in food industry
- •Assignments to do:
- •The commercial microbial products
- •Assignments to do:
- •Biotechnology and the Future
- •V Remember the following word and word-combinations:
- •VI Complete the sentences:
- •VII Find the pairs of synonyms:
- •Glossary of Biotechnology Terms
- •Literature
VI Remember the following word and word-combinations:
Backbone, dry weight, to derive, gaseous nitrogen, soil, cooperatively, roots of legumes, clover, soybean, alfalfa, beans, pea, energy bonds, amount, trace elements, tap water, purines, pyrimidines.
VII Give the synonyms to the following words:
Enzyme, to require, source, growth, compound, to derive.
VIII Translate to the following sentence into English:
Половина сухой массы клеток бактерий является углеродом.
Калий, магний и кальций также являются элементами, в которых нуждаются микроорганизмы.
Многие микроорганизмы могут синтезировать витамины.
Химические факторы включают в себя источники углерода, азота, серы, фосфора, кислорода, микроэлементы и органические факторы роста.
Сера используется для синтезирования серосодержащих аминокислот и витаминов, таких как тиамин и биотин.
VIII Translate to the following sentence into Russian:
One of the most important requirements for microbial growth is carbon.
Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs derive their carbon from carbon dioxide.
Natural sources of sulfur include the sulfate ion, hydrogen sulfide, and the sulfur-containing amino acids.
Microbes require very small amounts of other mineral elements, such as iron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc.
Organisms that require oxygen to live are called obligate aerobes.
IX Answer the questions:
What do include chemical aspects for microbial growth?
What sources of sulfur do require microorganisms?
What sources of nitrogen do require microorganisms?
What sources of carbon do require microorganisms?
What organic growth factors do require for increase number of cells microorganisms?
X Make up a short summary of the text.
36-38 Practical lesson
Rules of reading: The letter Rr
Word formation: suffixes of nouns – or, -er
Text: Fermentation technology
Assignments to do:
I Remember:
The rules of reading the letter Rr:
Before vowels is pronounced as [r]: ring, rule, rose
After the vowels letter Rr is not pronounced: filter, yesterday
Suffixes: – or, - er form the nouns from the verbs: to read – reader, to react - reactor
II Read the words paying attention to their pronunciation:
Red, try, cry, country, department, car, to learn.
III Give the transcription to the following words:
Green, arm, ribose, rose, word, part, to run, air, are, to bring, to impel.
IV Form the nouns from the verb:
To diffuse, to bake, to design, to act, to drive, to paint.
V Read the international words and guess their meaning:
Industrial, production, fermentation, cultivation, to produce, aeration, temperature, design, bioreactor, to control.
VI Read and translate the text about fermentation technology
Fermentation Technology
The industrial production of microbial products usually involves fermentation. Industrial fermentation is the large-scale cultivation of microbes or other single cells to produce a commercially valuable substance.
V
essels
for industrial fermentation are called bioreactors; they are
designed with close attention to aeration, pH control, and
temperature control. There are many different designs, but the
most widely used bioreactors are of the continuously stirred type
(Figure). The air is introduced through a diffuser at the
bottom (which breaks up the incoming airstream to maximize
aeration), and a series of impeller paddles and stationary
wall baffles keep the microbial suspension agitated. Oxygen is not
very soluble in water, and keeping the heavy microbial
suspension well aerated is difficult. Highly sophisticated
designs have been developed to achieve maximum efficiency in
aeration and other growth requirements, including medium
formulation. The high value of the products of genetically modified
microorganisms and eukaryotic cells has stimulated the development
of newer types of bioreactors and computerized controls for them.
VI Remember the following word and word-combinations:
Large-scale, commercially valuable substance, vessel, stirred type, bottom, impeller paddle, stationary wall baffle, soluble in water, to achieve, high value of the products, cooling jacket, motor, culture broth, liquid level, foam breaker, sterile air, harvesting drain, steam for sterilization.
VII Make the sentences using these words:
Products, the industrial, fermentation, production, of, involves, microbial.
Bioreactors, fermentation, industrial, vessels, called, for, are.
Is, in, very, oxygen, not, soluble, water.
Value, the high, microorganisms, of, of genetically, the products, modified.
Type, the most, bioreactors, stirred, are, used, continuously, widely, of, the.
VIII Give English equivalents to the following words:
Промышленное производство, ценное вещество, реактор с мешалкой, генетически модифицированные организмы, пеногаситель, охлаждающая рубашка, культуральная жидкость, компьютеризированный контроль.
IX Fill in the gaps with the proper words:
The industrial production of microbial products usually involves ...
They are designed with close attention to aeration, pH control, and … control.
Oxygen is not very … in water, and keeping the heavy microbial suspension well aerated is difficult.
Vessels for industrial … are called bioreactors.
The most widely used bioreactors are of the continuously … type.