- •Warming-up
- •4.1.3 Read the following verbs.Mind their meaning.Pay attention to the principal forms
- •4.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words
- •4.1.5 Choose the proper English word
- •4.1.6 Find the English equivalents of the following Russian words
- •4.1.7 Read the following word-combinations and translate them into Russian
- •4.2 Read the text and give definitions of different structural elements Text 4 a Structural Elements
- •4.3 Exercises to the text
- •4.3.1 Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them
- •4.3.2 Complete the following sentences
- •4.3.3 Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text
- •4.3.4 Choose the sentences describing: a) beams; b) shells
- •4.3.5 Translate the passage describing various types of beams in written form
- •4.3.6 Ask your partner the following questions. Listen to his/her answers
- •4.4 Read the text Text 4 b Leaning Tower of Pisa Begins To Be Stabilized
- •Text 4 c Foundations
- •2 On what kind of ground have towns and cities appeared?
- •3 What is the function of pile foundations?
- •4 Can piles be made without using building materials?
- •4.6 Read the dialogue in pairs
- •5.1 Pretext exercises
- •5.1.1Read the words. Pay attention to the letters in italics
- •5.1.2 Read the following words. Mind their meaning
- •5.1.3 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning. Pay attention to the principal forms
- •5.1.4 Find the proper Russian words with the same roots as the following English words
- •5.1.5 Choose the proper English word
- •Russian
- •Lime, wood, brick, cement, stone, steel, concrete, glass, gypsum, plastics
- •Text 5 a
- •Wood is the most ancient structural material. If is light, cheap, easy to work with and its mechanical properties are good. But it has serious disadvantages: it burns and decays.
- •5.3 Exercises to the text
- •5.3.1 Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them
- •5.3.2 Find sentences describing concrete
- •5.3.3 Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text
- •3 Bricks are early fastened together… c) in the properties desired by the engineer.
- •5.3.4 Complete the following sentences using the information from the text
- •5.3.5 Ask your partner the following questions. Listen to his/her answers. Don’t forger to change over
- •Text 5 в timber
- •5.5 Read the text. Find the key sentences in all passages of the text. Render the text in Russian Text 5 c Reinforced Concrete
- •Steel constructions with reinforced concrete have become the most important building materials invented in centuries and they have given modern architecture its peculiar features.
- •5.6 Read the text and speak different features of aluminum. Give your reason of its usage in construction
- •Text 5 d
- •Aluminum in Structures
- •5.7 Write a summary of the following text in English
- •5.8.1 Read the dialogue in pairs Dialogue 1
- •Dialogue 2
- •5.8.2 Work in pairs. Interview your partner as an expert in building materials. Use the words and expressions from the texts you have read
- •5.9 Audial practice
- •From the History of Concrete
- •5.10 Summarize your knowledge of the question under consideration. Speak on the different aspects of building materials
4. Unit 4 Structural Elements
Warming-up
What structural elements do you know?
What are their main functions?
4.1 Pretext exercises
4.1.1 Read the words. Pay attention to the letters in italics
[ei] safe, shape, late, place, made, brace, rotate, space, consideration, mansonry
[æ] mass, fact, latitude, axis, can, man, have, has, span, gap, than, began that, transmit, magnitude
[a:] arch, large, architecture, are, counterpart
[Ɔ] all, small, wall, overall, false
[Ə] another, usual, material, appear, against, along, adoption
4.1.2 Read the following words. Mind their meaning
gap промежуток
rough грубый
pointed arch стрельчатая арка
false arch ложная арка
corbel arch арка с навесной кладкой ( кирпича)
cast-iron чугун
span расстояние (между опорами арки свода)
stiffness жёсткость
tubular трубчатый
braced укреплённый
beam балка; перекладина
a cantilever beam консольная балка
an overhanging beam нависающая балка
a continuous beam сплошная балка
a fixed beam балка с закреплёнными концами
girder балка, ферма
dome купол; свод
counterpart копия; дубликат
dimension размер
axis ось
load нагрузка
shell свод
vaultlike сводчатый
magnitude величина; размеры
mass concrete бетон без арматуры, монолитный бетон
plywood фанера ( клеёная )
latitude широта , обширность
masonry каменная или кирпичная кладка