8. Modern approaches to the management and functioning of industrial enterprises

1. The economic approach. In a market economy any business purpose will not be realized without a proper safety of workers. What's good for workers is good for business. Minor temporary benefits can not be justified, if they provoke losses that significantly exceed the benefits obtained.

2. Management based on risk assessment. Modern safety management system should be based on identification of hazards and risk assessment.

3. Purposeful planning. The idea of continuous improvement of the management system is the ability to set higher goals each time that you need to achieve and measure them quantitatively. You can not control the fact that it is impossible to quantify.

4. Corrective and preventive actions are:

- safety identification and risk assessment;

- Calculation of occupational safety factors;

- Conducting audits, inspections.

5. Specific prevention lies primarily in anticipation of any dangerous situations (dangerous behavior of workers, unsafe working conditions). You must promptly eliminate all violations of safety requirements, and that is the most effective, lead identification and risk assessment

6. Promotion and cooperation of all employees. This system should be understood and adopted by all employees. With is aim knowledge competition on health, meeting and leisure facilities for workers and their families are organized at enterprises.

7. Further improvement of the system. The company held constant changes in technology, equipment, methods of work, new dangers. the system Improvement can be a strategic and ongoing. The main areas of improvement - achieving safety culture, which is the account and observance of safety at all stages of production activities, appropriate training of employees.

Many organizations manage their operations via the application of a system of processes and their interactions, which can be referred to as the “process approach”. ISO 9001 promotes the use of the process approach. Since PDCA can be applied to all processes, the two methodologies are considered to be compatible.

It is necessary to explore modern approaches of risk assessment as element of Management based on risk assessment. (on the basis of bs 8800)

In order for organizations to perform effective risk assessment and control the following steps are necessary.

a) Classify work activities: prepare a list of work activities covering for example premises, plant, people

and processes, and gather information about them; define the scope and limits of the

individual risk assessments.

b) Identify hazards: identify all significant hazards relating to each work activity. Consider who might be harmed and how.

c) Identify risk controls: identify the risk controls that exist (or are proposed for planned activities), to reduce the risk associated with each hazard.

d) Determine risk: estimate the risk associated with each hazard assuming that planned or existing controls are in place. The effectiveness of the risk controls, and the likelihood and consequences of their failure should be considered.

e) Determine tolerability: determine the tolerability of the risks and decide whether planned or existing OH&S controls (if any) are sufficient to keep the hazard under control and meet legal requirements. In order to be able to assess the tolerability of any particular risk, the organization should first establish tolerability criteria to provide a basis for consistency in all its risk assessments .

f) Prepare action plan: prepare a risk control action plan to improve risk controls if necessary, or to address any other issues that require attention.

g) Review adequacy of action plan: re-assess risks on the basis of the revised control measures and risk control systems and check that risks will be acceptable or tolerable.

h) Maintenance: maintain new and existing risk controls and ensure that they are effective. Update risk assessments as necessary, to maintain their validity.

Modern approaches to risk assessment:

1) The risk is determined by estimating the potential severity of harm and the likelihood that harm will occur (see Table E.1). It is often helpful to develop a series of categories for the severity and likelihood of harm to enable comparable events to be grouped and assessed together. This is the basis of the risk matrix approach, used for illustration throughout the remainder of this annex. In adopting this approach, however, it is important to define the categories with enough precision to enable consistent application by different assessors, and at different times within the organization. Clear definition of the terms “likely”, “unlikely” or “very unlikely” is necessary for different assessors within the organization to interpret these consistently, and to ensure they are used consistently over time.