- •Introduction
- •Module 1. Classical Pragmatics
- •1. Basic Assumptions of Linguopragmatics
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition
- •Structural Ambiguity
- •Origins
- •Areas of Interest
- •Referential Uses of Language
- •Related Fields
- •Criticisms of Pragmatics
- •References
- •2. Speech Act
- •Issues Discussed:
- •J. L. Austin’s Taxonomy of Speech Acts
- •Speech Act and Language Development
- •Earlier Treatments of Speech Acts
- •Historical Critics of Speech Act Theory
- •References
- •3. Illocutionary Act
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition
- •Further examples:
- •Approaches to Defining "Illocutionary Act"
- •J. R. Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Speech Acts
- •Illocutionary Force
- •Illocutionary Force Indicating Devices
- •Illocutionary Negations
- •References
- •4. Indirect Speech Acts
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition
- •J. R. Searle's Theory of "Indirect Speech Acts"
- •Analysis Using Searle's Theory
- •References
- •5. Felicity Conditions
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition
- •Preparatory Conditions
- •Conditions for Execution
- •Sincerity Conditions
- •Felicity Conditions for Declarations
- •Felicity Conditions for Requests
- •Felicity Conditions for Warnings
- •References
- •6. K. Bach, r. Harnish and The Unified Theory
- •Issues Discussed:
- •K. Bach and r. Harnish on the Locutionary Acts
- •K. Bach and r. Harnish on the j. R. Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts
- •Communicative Acts versus Conventional Acts
- •The Speech Act Schema
- •References
- •Module 2. Contemporary Pragmatics
- •7. Contemporary Pragmatic Theory and Two Models of Linguistic Communication
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Contemporary Pragmatic Theory
- •Two Models of Linguistic Communication
- •References
- •8. D. Sperber, d. Wilson and Relevance Theory
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Basic Assumptions of Relevance Theory
- •The Principles of Relevance
- •Implicated Premises and Conclusions
- •References
- •9. Levinson's Theory of Utterance-Type-Meaning
- •References
- •10. Literalists, Minimalists, Contextualists and Others
- •References
- •Module 1. Classical Pragmatics Seminar 1. Referential Uses of Language
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition of Sign
- •Dyadic Signs
- •Triadic Signs
- •Molino and Nattiez's diagram:
- •Modern Theories of Sign
- •Indexicality
- •Pragmatics and Indexicality
- •Ch. S. Peirce's Trichotomy of Signs
- •Referential Indexicality
- •Indexical Presupposition and Performativity
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Seminar 2. Non-Referential Uses of Language
- •Issues Discussed:
- •First, Second, and Higher Orders of
- •Sex/Gender Indices
- •Affect Indices
- •Deference Indices
- •T/V Deference Entitlement
- •Affinal Taboo Index
- •Hypercorrection as a Social Class Index
- •Multiple Indices in Social Identity Indexicality
- •Oinoglossia (‘Wine Talk’)
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Seminar 3. Performative Utterance
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Origin of the Term
- •J. L. Austin's Definition
- •Categories of Performatives
- •The “Hereby” Test
- •Distinguishing Performatives from Other Utterances
- •Are Performatives Truth-Evaluable?
- •E. Sedgwick's Account of Performatives
- •Some Examples (Mainly of Explicit Performative Utterances)
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Seminar 4. H. P. Grice and Theory of Conversation
- •Issues Discussed:
- •H. P. Grice’s Definition of Conversational Implicature
- •H. P. Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Conversational Maxims
- •Conversational Implicature and Its Characteristics
- •Conversational Implicature versus Conventional Implicature
- •Particularized and Generalized Conversational Implicatures
- •Other Types of Conversational Implicature
- •Implicature versus Entailment
- •H. P. Grice’s Theory of Meaning and Communicative Intentions
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Module 2. Contemporary Pragmatics Seminar 5. Near-Side Classical Pragmatics
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Indexicality
- •D. Kaplan on Indexicals and Demonstratives
- •Pragmatic Puzzles of Referentialism
- •R. Stalnaker on Context and Content
- •Presupposition, Common Ground and Context
- •Propositional Concepts
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Seminar 6. Politeness Theory
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Politeness and Its Types
- •Techniques to Show Politeness
- •Linguistic Devices to Show Politeness
- •P. Brown and s. Levinson’s Politeness Theory
- •Positive and Negative Face
- •Face-Threatening Acts
- •Negative Face Threatening Acts
- •Positive Face Threatening Acts
- •Politeness Strategies
- •Bald On-record
- •Positive Politeness
- •Negative Politeness
- •Choice of Strategy
- •Payoffs Associated with each Strategy
- •Sociological Variables
- •Social distance between parties (symmetric relation).
- •The absolute ranking of the threat of the fta.
- •Criticism of the Politeness Theory
- •G. Leech’s Politeness Maxims
- •The Tact Maxim
- •The Generosity Maxim
- •The Approbation Maxim
- •The Modesty Maxim
- •The Agreement Maxim
- •The Sympathy Maxim
- •References
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Seminar 7. Deixis
- •Issues Discussed:
- •Definition
- •Types of Deixis Traditional Categories
- •Other Categories
- •Discourse
- •Anaphoric Reference
- •Deictic Center
- •Usages of Deixis
- •Deixis and Indexicality
- •Tasks and Questions
- •Questions for Module Control 1
- •Questions for Module Control 2
- •References
- •Some Definitions of Pragmatics (versus Semantics)
- •Glossary
References
Beeching K. Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French / K. Beeching. – Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002.
Brown P. Politeness : Some Universals in Language Usage / Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Carter R. Language and Discourse Perspectives for Language Teaching / Ronald Carter, Michael McCarthy. – New York : Longman Publishing, 1994.
Coates J. Language and Gender : A Reader / Jennifer Coates. – Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.
Coulmas F. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics / Florian Coulmas. – Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.
Cutting J. Pragmatics and Discourse / J. Cutting. – London : Routledge, 2002.
Foley W. Anthropological Linguistics : An Introduction / William Foley. – Oxford : Blackwell, 1997.
Goffman E. On Face-Work : An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction / Erving Goffman // Psychiatry : Journal of Interpersonal Relations. – 1955. – vol. 18 (3). – P. 213-231.
Grice P. H. Logic and Conversation / Paul H. Grice // Syntax and Semantics / [P. Cole, J. Morgan (eds.)]. – New York : Academic Press, 1975. – vol. 3.
Holmes J. Women, Men and Politeness / Janet Holmes. – London : Longman, 1995. – 254 p.
Ide S. Formal Forms and discernment : Two Neglected Aspects of Universals of Linguistic Politeness / S. Ide // Multilingua. – 1989. – vol. 8 (2/3). – P. 223-248.
Jemmy H. What is Politeness? I’ve Never Heard of It before, Can I Put It in my Mouth? / H. Jemmy. – Wigan : Pieperback Books, 2007.
Lakoff R. Language and Woman’s Place / R. Lakoff. – New York : Harper & Row, 1975.
Lakoff R. The Logic of Politeness ; Or Minding your P’s and Q’s / R. Lakoff // Papers from the 9th Regional Meeting. Chicago Linguistics Society. – Chicago : Chicago Linguistics Society, 1973.
Leech G. Principles of Pragmatics / Geoffrey Leech. – London : Longman, 1983.
Matsumoto Y. Reexamination of the Universality of Face : Politeness Phenomena in Japanese / Y. Matsumoto // Journal of Pragmatics. – 1988. – vol. 12. – P. 403-426.
Mills S. Gender and Politeness / Sara Mills. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Schiffrin D. Approaches to Discourse / Deborah Schiffrin. – Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.
Thomas J. Meaning in Interaction : An Introduction to Pragmatics / J. Thomas. – New York : Longman Group Ltd., 1995.
Watts R. J. Politeness / R. J. Watts. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Tasks and Questions
Define politeness and its types. What techniques and linguistic devices to show politeness can you name?
What is the essence of Y. Matsumoto’s criticism of the politeness theory?
Characterize face threatening acts. Give examples.
How do P. Brown and S. Levinson show the available range of verbal politeness strategies to redress loss of face?
Analyze G. Leech’s politeness maxims. In what way are they similar to conversational maxims formulated by P. Grice?
What sociological factors should we take into consideration when deciding whether and how to use the various strategies in real life situations?
Do you agree with P. Brown and S. Levinson that positive and negative faces exist universally in human culture? Why? Prove your answer.