- •Grammar in the systemic conception of language study. Its connections with logic and linguistic sciences such as phonology, lexicology and stylistics.
- •2. The morphemic structure of the word. Classification of morphemes: lexical, functional, derivational morphemes; free, bound morphemes; zero morphemes.
- •4. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in grammar. The notions of a syntagm and a paradigm. Types of syntagms in English.
- •7. The categories of gender and number.
- •8. The categories of case and article determination.
- •9. The adjective and stative. Classification of adjectives (qualitative and relative). Degrees of comparison. The adverb.
- •11. The categories of tense and voice.
- •12. The category of mood.
- •13. The categories of aspect and perfect.
- •17. Compound and complex sentences. Coordinative and subordinative connection of clauses. Types of subordinate clauses. Sentences with secondary predication or semi-composite sentences.
17. Compound and complex sentences. Coordinative and subordinative connection of clauses. Types of subordinate clauses. Sentences with secondary predication or semi-composite sentences.
The complex sentence is a polypredicative construction built upon the principle of subordination. It’s derived from 2 or more base sentences one of which performs the role of a matrix in relation to the others , the insert sentences.
The complex sentence of minimal composition includes two clauses – a principal and a subordinate. Both form a semantico-syntactic unity within the framework of which they are in fact interconnected, so that existence of either of them is supported by the existence of the other. They may be connected syndetically (with the help of subordinating connector) or asyndetically.
Compound sentence is a composite sentence built of the principle of coordination. Coordination the same as subordination can be expressed syndetically and asyndetically.
Coordinative connection of clauses may be unmarked, it’s realized by the coordinative conjunction “and” also asyndetically, and marked, it is realized by the conjunctions but, yet, still, however, both…and, neither…nor etc.
Types of subordinate clauses:
Subject clause:
Predicative clause. E.g the trouble is that I don’t know him personally.
Object clause. E.g. Now he could prove that…
Attributive clauses (of various syntactic function: descriptive, restrictive (limiting)).
A semi-composite sentence is a sentence the predicative lines in which are expressed in fusion (слияние). E.g. I saw her entering the room. The second kernel sentence has been phrasalized, transformed into a participial phrase (her entering the room), and combined with the first sentence.
A semi-complex sentence is similar to a simple sentence in the way that it has one full predication expressed by a finite verb. At the same time it bares a strong resemblance to a composite sentence because in it structure we find 2 predicative lines, one of which is expressed by a finite verb, the other is expressed by a construction with a non-finite verb. E.g. I make notes in my diary of things | that I should mend or replace. I make notes in my diary of things | to be mended or replaced.