- •The use of the Oblique Mood in simple sentences.
- •2.The use of the Oblique Moods in conditional sentences.
- •In complex sentences. Real conditions.
- •3.The use of the Oblique Moods in adverbial clauses.
- •4.The use of the Oblique Moods in nominal clauses (subject, object, predicative, attributive, appositive).
- •5.The suppositional Mood and Subjunctive 1.
- •The triple nature of the Participle, its tense and voice distributions.
- •2.The functions of Participle 1 and Participle 2 in the sentence.
- •3.The Objective Participial Construction.
- •4.The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •5.The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
- •6.The Absolute Constructions without a Participle.
- •7.The double nature of the Gerund, its tense and voice distinctions.
- •8.Predicative Constructions with the Gerund.
- •If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:
- •If it denotes a lifeless thing:
- •9.The use of the Gerund in Modern English.
- •10.The functions of the Gerund in the sentence.
- •11.The Gerund and the Participle. The Gerund and the Infinitive. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •12.The double nature of the Infinitive, its tense, aspect and voice distinctions.
- •13.The functions of the Infinitive in the sentence.
- •14.The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- •15.The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The for-to-Infinitive Construction.
- •The use of articles with common nouns.
- •The use of articles with nouns of materials and abstract nouns.
- •The use of articles with names of persons.
- •The use of articles with geographical names.
- •5.The use of articles with miscellaneous proper names.
- •6.The use of articles in set expressions.
- •7.The use of articles in some syntactic relations.
- •8.The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening.
- •9.The use of articles with names of seasons and names of meals.
- •10.The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, sea, wind.
- •11.The use of articles with the names of diseases, the nouns town, life, weather and the names of languages.
- •12.The use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.
- •1.The Word order in the English sentence (general remarks, invented order of words).
- •2.The Word order in the English sentence (position of the object, the attribute, the adverbial modifiers).
- •3.The Subject, ways of expressing the Subject.
- •4.“It” as the subject of the sentence.
- •5.The predicate (simple, compound nominal, expressed by a phraseological unit).
- •6.The compound verbal predicate. Mixed types of predicates.
- •7.Agreement of the predicate with the subject (general notion, rules of agreement).
- •8.Agreement of the predicate with the subject expressed by a syntactic word-group.
- •9.The Object (ways of expressing, kinds of objects, the direct object, the indirect object).
- •10.The complex object. The cognate object.
- •11.The Attribute (ways of expressing, the apposition).
- •12.The adverbial modifier (definition and classification, ways of expressing).
- •13.Detached parts of the sentence. The independent elements of the sentence.
- •14.The simple sentence (definition, classification structure).
- •15.The compound sentence (general notion, types of coordination).
- •16.The complex sentence (general notion; subject, predicative, object clauses).
- •17.The complex sentence (attributive and adverbial clauses).
- •18.The rules of the sequence of tenses.
- •19.Indirect speech (general remarks, indirect statements, indirect questions).
- •20.Indirect speech (indirect orders and requests, suggestions and advice, indirect exclamations).
The use of articles with geographical names.
Names of continents, countries, states, provinces, cities, towns, villages are used without any article (Latin America); no article is used either when these nouns have such attributes as northern, southern, etc.
Names of oceans, seas, rivers, straits, channels, canals and lakes take the definite article. But when names of lakes are preceded with the noun lake, no article is used.
Names of bays – no article.
Names of peninsulas – no article if the proper name is used alone (as lake).
Names of deserts – the definite article;
Names of mountain chains, passes and groups of islands – the definite article;
Names of separate mountain peaks and islands – no article.
The definite article is used with geographical names modified by a particularizing attribute (It wasn't the Russia of his youth anymore). The indefinite article is found when a geographic name is modified by a descriptive attribute which brings out a special aspect (It was a new Russia).
5.The use of articles with miscellaneous proper names.
Names of hotels, ships, newspapers and magazines are used with the definite article (the Hyatt, the Academic Sverdlov, the Rolling Stone, the Times).
Names of cardinal points are used with the definite article (the East). No article is used in expressions "from East to West" and "from North to South".
Nouns modified by proper names in the genitive case require no article (I met Mary's brother). A noun modified by a proper name in the common case is used with the definite article (I'd really like to visit Yanka Kupala theatre).
Names of parks, squares, airports and railway stations are used with no article (Hyde Park, Trafalgar Square, Heathrow Airport, Victoria Station).
The names of universities and colleges are used without an article (Cambridge University). But the definite article is used in the combinations "the University of London, the University of Moscow" etc.
Names of theatres, museums, galleries, concert halls and cinemas tend to be used with the definite article (the Bolshoi Theatre, the British Museum, the Tretiakov Gallery, the Astoria, the Odeon).
Names of state institutes, organizations, political parties and grammatical categories are used with the definite article (the Army, the Komsomol, the Conservative Party, the Past Indefinite).
6.The use of articles in set expressions.
The Indefinite article. In a hurry, to have a (good, great) mind to do smth., to fly into a passion, to get in a rage (fury), to take a fancy to smb., in a low (loud) voice, a great many (deal), it's a pity, it's a shame, it's a pleasure, as a result, to have a good time, to be at a loss, at a glance.
The Definite article. It's out of the question, to take the trouble to do smth., in the original, to play the piano (guitar, etc.), to keep the house, to keep the bed, on the whole, the other day, on the one hand-on the other hand, to tell the truth, to be on the safe side.
No article. Out of doors, to take to heart, to take offence, to give (get, ask for) permission, to lose heart, at present, from morning till night, from head to foot, from beginning to end, at first sight, by chance, by mistake, for hours, for ages, by land (air, sea), to go to sea, on deck, to keep house, at sunrise (sunset), at work, at peace, by name, in debt.