- •The use of the Oblique Mood in simple sentences.
- •2.The use of the Oblique Moods in conditional sentences.
- •In complex sentences. Real conditions.
- •3.The use of the Oblique Moods in adverbial clauses.
- •4.The use of the Oblique Moods in nominal clauses (subject, object, predicative, attributive, appositive).
- •5.The suppositional Mood and Subjunctive 1.
- •The triple nature of the Participle, its tense and voice distributions.
- •2.The functions of Participle 1 and Participle 2 in the sentence.
- •3.The Objective Participial Construction.
- •4.The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •5.The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
- •6.The Absolute Constructions without a Participle.
- •7.The double nature of the Gerund, its tense and voice distinctions.
- •8.Predicative Constructions with the Gerund.
- •If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:
- •If it denotes a lifeless thing:
- •9.The use of the Gerund in Modern English.
- •10.The functions of the Gerund in the sentence.
- •11.The Gerund and the Participle. The Gerund and the Infinitive. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •12.The double nature of the Infinitive, its tense, aspect and voice distinctions.
- •13.The functions of the Infinitive in the sentence.
- •14.The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- •15.The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The for-to-Infinitive Construction.
- •The use of articles with common nouns.
- •The use of articles with nouns of materials and abstract nouns.
- •The use of articles with names of persons.
- •The use of articles with geographical names.
- •5.The use of articles with miscellaneous proper names.
- •6.The use of articles in set expressions.
- •7.The use of articles in some syntactic relations.
- •8.The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening.
- •9.The use of articles with names of seasons and names of meals.
- •10.The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, sea, wind.
- •11.The use of articles with the names of diseases, the nouns town, life, weather and the names of languages.
- •12.The use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.
- •1.The Word order in the English sentence (general remarks, invented order of words).
- •2.The Word order in the English sentence (position of the object, the attribute, the adverbial modifiers).
- •3.The Subject, ways of expressing the Subject.
- •4.“It” as the subject of the sentence.
- •5.The predicate (simple, compound nominal, expressed by a phraseological unit).
- •6.The compound verbal predicate. Mixed types of predicates.
- •7.Agreement of the predicate with the subject (general notion, rules of agreement).
- •8.Agreement of the predicate with the subject expressed by a syntactic word-group.
- •9.The Object (ways of expressing, kinds of objects, the direct object, the indirect object).
- •10.The complex object. The cognate object.
- •11.The Attribute (ways of expressing, the apposition).
- •12.The adverbial modifier (definition and classification, ways of expressing).
- •13.Detached parts of the sentence. The independent elements of the sentence.
- •14.The simple sentence (definition, classification structure).
- •15.The compound sentence (general notion, types of coordination).
- •16.The complex sentence (general notion; subject, predicative, object clauses).
- •17.The complex sentence (attributive and adverbial clauses).
- •18.The rules of the sequence of tenses.
- •19.Indirect speech (general remarks, indirect statements, indirect questions).
- •20.Indirect speech (indirect orders and requests, suggestions and advice, indirect exclamations).
12.The double nature of the Infinitive, its tense, aspect and voice distinctions.
The infinitive developed from the verbal noun, which in the course of time became verbalized, retaining of the same time some nominal properties. It has a double nature, nominal and verbal.
The nominal character:
can be used as the subject of the sentence;
can be used as a predicative;
can be used as an object.
The verbal character:
the infinitive of transitive verbs can take a direct object;
can be modified by an adverb;
has tense and aspect distinctions (can be Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous) ; the infinitive of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions (Passive or Active).
13.The functions of the Infinitive in the sentence.
as a subject:
It is useless to discuss the question.
To doubt is almost to insult.
as a predicative or part of a predicative:
My intention is to get into parliament (predicative).
She was not easy to find (part of the predicative).
part of a compound verbal predicate:
We must not leave him (part of a compound verbal modal predicate).
Before daylight it started to drizzle (part of a compound verbal aspect predicate).
as an object:
She had learned to dance at boarding school.
Запомнить:
After the verbs to allow, to order, to ask, to beg, to request, to implore, to teach, to instruct we often find 2 objects, one of which is expressed by an infinitive.
He asked me to walk in.
as part of complex object:
I never saw you act this way before.
as an attribute:
She was not a woman to suffer in silence.
as an adverbial modifier (of purpose, result, comparison, manner, attendant circumstances):
He was so weak as to be unable to work (adv. mod. of result);
She moved her hands to his lips as if to stop him (adv. mod. of manner).
as parenthesis:
To speak the truth, he was not up to the mark.
14.The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
This is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. It has the function of a complex object.
I've never seen him lose his temper or get angry about anything.
The construction is used:
after verbs of sense perception;
after verbs of mental activity;
after verbs of declaring (to pronounce, to declare, to report);
after verbs of wish and intention;
after verbs of feeling and emotion;
after verbs of order and permission;
after verbs of compulsion (to make, to cause, to get, have);
sometimes with the prepositions for, on and upon – I rely on you to come in time.
15.The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The for-to-Infinitive Construction.
S.I.C. This is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case. It doesn't serve as one part of the sentence: one of its component parts has the function of the subject, the other forms part of a compound verbal predicate.
Edith is said to resemble me.
It is used:
with verbs of sense perception;
with verbs of mental activity;
with the verb to make;
with the verbs to say and to report;
with the word-groups to be likely; to be sure; to be certain;
with the following pairs of synonyms: to seem and to appear, to happen and to chance, to prove and to turn out.
Конструкцию легко обнаружить при помощи Passive Voice.
The for-to-Infinitive Construction. It's a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun or pronoun preceded by the preposition for. Can perform different functions in the sentence:
Subject (For me to ask would be treason);
Predicative (That was for him to find out);
Complex Object (He waited for me to speak);
Attribute (The best thing for you to do is to forget him);
Adverbial modifier – of purpose or result (He stepped aside for me to pass – adv.mod. of result)
The Articles.