- •The use of the Oblique Mood in simple sentences.
- •2.The use of the Oblique Moods in conditional sentences.
- •In complex sentences. Real conditions.
- •3.The use of the Oblique Moods in adverbial clauses.
- •4.The use of the Oblique Moods in nominal clauses (subject, object, predicative, attributive, appositive).
- •5.The suppositional Mood and Subjunctive 1.
- •The triple nature of the Participle, its tense and voice distributions.
- •2.The functions of Participle 1 and Participle 2 in the sentence.
- •3.The Objective Participial Construction.
- •4.The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •5.The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
- •6.The Absolute Constructions without a Participle.
- •7.The double nature of the Gerund, its tense and voice distinctions.
- •8.Predicative Constructions with the Gerund.
- •If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:
- •If it denotes a lifeless thing:
- •9.The use of the Gerund in Modern English.
- •10.The functions of the Gerund in the sentence.
- •11.The Gerund and the Participle. The Gerund and the Infinitive. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •12.The double nature of the Infinitive, its tense, aspect and voice distinctions.
- •13.The functions of the Infinitive in the sentence.
- •14.The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- •15.The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The for-to-Infinitive Construction.
- •The use of articles with common nouns.
- •The use of articles with nouns of materials and abstract nouns.
- •The use of articles with names of persons.
- •The use of articles with geographical names.
- •5.The use of articles with miscellaneous proper names.
- •6.The use of articles in set expressions.
- •7.The use of articles in some syntactic relations.
- •8.The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening.
- •9.The use of articles with names of seasons and names of meals.
- •10.The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, sea, wind.
- •11.The use of articles with the names of diseases, the nouns town, life, weather and the names of languages.
- •12.The use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.
- •1.The Word order in the English sentence (general remarks, invented order of words).
- •2.The Word order in the English sentence (position of the object, the attribute, the adverbial modifiers).
- •3.The Subject, ways of expressing the Subject.
- •4.“It” as the subject of the sentence.
- •5.The predicate (simple, compound nominal, expressed by a phraseological unit).
- •6.The compound verbal predicate. Mixed types of predicates.
- •7.Agreement of the predicate with the subject (general notion, rules of agreement).
- •8.Agreement of the predicate with the subject expressed by a syntactic word-group.
- •9.The Object (ways of expressing, kinds of objects, the direct object, the indirect object).
- •10.The complex object. The cognate object.
- •11.The Attribute (ways of expressing, the apposition).
- •12.The adverbial modifier (definition and classification, ways of expressing).
- •13.Detached parts of the sentence. The independent elements of the sentence.
- •14.The simple sentence (definition, classification structure).
- •15.The compound sentence (general notion, types of coordination).
- •16.The complex sentence (general notion; subject, predicative, object clauses).
- •17.The complex sentence (attributive and adverbial clauses).
- •18.The rules of the sequence of tenses.
- •19.Indirect speech (general remarks, indirect statements, indirect questions).
- •20.Indirect speech (indirect orders and requests, suggestions and advice, indirect exclamations).
15.The compound sentence (general notion, types of coordination).
The CdS is a sentence which consists of 2 or more clauses coordinated with each other. A clause is part of a sentence which has a subject and a predicate of its own. In a CdS the clauses may be connected syndetically – by means of coordinating conjunctions or conjunctive adverbs, or asyndetically.
Types of coordination:
Copulative coordination (соединительная связь) – with the help of the conjunctions "and, nor, neither… nor, not only… but (also)" the statement expressed in one clause is simply added to that expressed in another.
Disjunctive coordination (разделительная связь) – with the help of the conjunctions "or, else, either… or" and the conjunctive adverb "otherwise" a choice is offered between the statements expressed in 2 clauses.
Adversative coordination (противительная связь) – the conjunctions "but, while, whereas" and the Conjunctive Adverbs "nevertheless, still, yet" are connecting 2 clauses contrasting in meaning.
Causative-consecutive coordination (причинно-следственная связь) – the conjunction "for" introduces coordinate clauses explaining the preceding statement, the conjunction "so" and the Conjunctive Adverbs "therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly" introduce coordinate clauses denoting cause, consequence and
16.The complex sentence (general notion; subject, predicative, object clauses).
The CxS consists of a principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Clauses may be linked syndetically – by means of subordinating conjunctions or connectives (has a syntactic function), or asyndetically. A SC may follow precede, follow or interrupt the PC. A CxS may contain 2 or more homogeneous clauses coordinated with each other. A SC may be subordinated to the PC or to another SC (the first, second, etc. degree of subordination).
Subject clauses perform the function of subject to the predicate of the PC (What I want to do is…). If the SC follows the PC the introductory "it" is used in the PC (It was possible that they have done so). SC are connected with the PC: 1) By the conjunctions "that, if, whether"; 2) By the connectives "who, which, what, whoever, whatever; where when, how, why"; 3) Asyndetically (It's a pity…).
Predicative clauses perform the function of a predicative. In the PC only a part of the predicate is found – a link verb, which together with the PrC forms a compound nominal predicate. PrC are connected with the PC: 1) By the conjunctions "that, if, whether, as if" (My attitude is that…); 2) By connectives "who, which, what; where, when, how, why" (The question was…); 3) Asyndetically (The thing was they had to…).
Object clauses perform the function of an object to the predicate verb of the PC (I don't know what you are talking about). An OC may also refer to a non-finite form of the verb (I wanted to ask…), to an adjective (He was conscious…), or to a word belonging to the part of speech expressing state (She was aware…). OC are connected with the PC: 1) By the conjunctions "that, if, whether"; 2) By the connectives "who, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever; where, when, how, why"; 3) Asyndetically (She said…). An OC is sometimes preceded by the intro. "it" (I insist upon it that…).