- •The use of the Oblique Mood in simple sentences.
- •2.The use of the Oblique Moods in conditional sentences.
- •In complex sentences. Real conditions.
- •3.The use of the Oblique Moods in adverbial clauses.
- •4.The use of the Oblique Moods in nominal clauses (subject, object, predicative, attributive, appositive).
- •5.The suppositional Mood and Subjunctive 1.
- •The triple nature of the Participle, its tense and voice distributions.
- •2.The functions of Participle 1 and Participle 2 in the sentence.
- •3.The Objective Participial Construction.
- •4.The Subjective Participial Construction.
- •5.The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction.
- •6.The Absolute Constructions without a Participle.
- •7.The double nature of the Gerund, its tense and voice distinctions.
- •8.Predicative Constructions with the Gerund.
- •If it denotes a living being it may be expressed:
- •If it denotes a lifeless thing:
- •9.The use of the Gerund in Modern English.
- •10.The functions of the Gerund in the sentence.
- •11.The Gerund and the Participle. The Gerund and the Infinitive. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun.
- •12.The double nature of the Infinitive, its tense, aspect and voice distinctions.
- •13.The functions of the Infinitive in the sentence.
- •14.The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction.
- •15.The Subjective Infinitive Construction. The for-to-Infinitive Construction.
- •The use of articles with common nouns.
- •The use of articles with nouns of materials and abstract nouns.
- •The use of articles with names of persons.
- •The use of articles with geographical names.
- •5.The use of articles with miscellaneous proper names.
- •6.The use of articles in set expressions.
- •7.The use of articles in some syntactic relations.
- •8.The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening.
- •9.The use of articles with names of seasons and names of meals.
- •10.The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, sea, wind.
- •11.The use of articles with the names of diseases, the nouns town, life, weather and the names of languages.
- •12.The use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.
- •1.The Word order in the English sentence (general remarks, invented order of words).
- •2.The Word order in the English sentence (position of the object, the attribute, the adverbial modifiers).
- •3.The Subject, ways of expressing the Subject.
- •4.“It” as the subject of the sentence.
- •5.The predicate (simple, compound nominal, expressed by a phraseological unit).
- •6.The compound verbal predicate. Mixed types of predicates.
- •7.Agreement of the predicate with the subject (general notion, rules of agreement).
- •8.Agreement of the predicate with the subject expressed by a syntactic word-group.
- •9.The Object (ways of expressing, kinds of objects, the direct object, the indirect object).
- •10.The complex object. The cognate object.
- •11.The Attribute (ways of expressing, the apposition).
- •12.The adverbial modifier (definition and classification, ways of expressing).
- •13.Detached parts of the sentence. The independent elements of the sentence.
- •14.The simple sentence (definition, classification structure).
- •15.The compound sentence (general notion, types of coordination).
- •16.The complex sentence (general notion; subject, predicative, object clauses).
- •17.The complex sentence (attributive and adverbial clauses).
- •18.The rules of the sequence of tenses.
- •19.Indirect speech (general remarks, indirect statements, indirect questions).
- •20.Indirect speech (indirect orders and requests, suggestions and advice, indirect exclamations).
10.The use of articles with the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, sea, wind.
The nouns "School, college, bed, prison, jail, hospital, church, court" are used without an article when they lose their concrete meanings and express the purpose for which the objects denoted by these nouns serve (To leave school; to be at college; to go to bed; to be sent to prison; to be put in jail). When these nouns denote concrete objects the articles are used according to the general rule (She worked at a school in Borisov).
The noun sea – the definite article (generic, individualizing function)
11.The use of articles with the names of diseases, the nouns town, life, weather and the names of languages.
No article is generally used with names of diseases (He fell ill with flu). The Definite article is used when the noun is modified by a particularizing attribute or the situation makes it definite (He felt very weak after the diphtheria). The Indefinite article is used with nouns which are not medical terms (I've got a headache).
The noun "town" is used without any article when the speaker means the nearest town or the town where the speaker is at the moment and when the noun is opposed to the noun "country" (Let's go to town to buy all we need). Otherwise the noun "town" is used with the definite or the indefinite article (Now I'm back in the town where I was born).
No article is used with names of languages when they are not followed by the noun "language" (He knows Spanish well). The Definite article is used if the noun is modified by a particularizing attribute (Americans speak the English of the USA), when the word "language" is mentioned (He intends to master the Russian language on his own) and in set phrases "translation from the English (French, etc.)" and "what is the Russian for…".
12.The use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.
Most. The Definite article is used when "most" serves to form a superlative degree of an adjective (This is the most beautiful girl I've ever seen). The Indefinite article shows that a high quality of degree is meant (the same meaning as "very") (It's a most exciting movie). The Definite article is used and "most" is followed by the preposition "of" when the speaker means definite people or things (Most of the people I know are talented guys). When indefinite objects are meant only "most" is used and the noun is used in a general sense (Most families celebrate New Year).
Few means мало and has a negative meaning (There are very few men like him), a few – немного, the meaning is positive (I've got a few records that may interest you), the few – те немногие, кто (The few men who survived were taken to hospital); little – мало (negative) (I've got so little time to prepare for everything), a little – немного (positive) (A little more patience, my friends), the little – небольшое количество, которое (I won't waste the little time that's left).
Two means два (Two persons entered the building), the two – те двое, оба (The two men I've told you about are waiting for you downstairs); the second – an ordinal numeral meaning второй (It's the second time I've been to St.Petersburg), a second implies the same meaning as "one more, another" (I'd like a second helping of the cake). Another has two meanings – "какой-то другой" and "еще один" (Give me another disc, I don't like it), the other means "определенный другой" (The two brother get along quite well one with the other). Nouns modified by the adjective "last" are always used with the definite article except in the expressions "last year, last month, last week, last night, etc." (It's the last time she's been fooled; Last summer was absolutely marvelous). Next means "будущий" when referring to the time (except the phrase "next time") (Next month I'll go to the country), the next means "следующий" (The next exam will be much easier hopefully). A number means "many, ряд" (A number of cars were parked outside), the number – количество, число (The number of my mistakes is decreasing).
Syntax