29. Prices and settlements of foreign trade contracts.

If you specify a price typically specify that it includes. So here there are such things as:

- Net price - the net price of the goods on its sales, not including discounts and surcharges related to the difference in the basic conditions of supply;

- Frank - Econ. and legal terms and conditions for inclusion in the price of certain costs associated with the transportation, loading and unloading, storage and cargo insurance.

Also distinguish between: 1) Price buyer - the amount of money actually paid by the purchaser (for all). 2) Best seller - revenue minus the cost of vendor performance.

Price set in the contract, m b is expressed in the currency of the exporter, the importer or the currency of a third country.

Types of prices:

- Solid - can not be subsequently changed, the lips. for a small, rapidly delivered a consignment;

- Followed by fixation - mouth. as scheduled, on objectified. the date or day of delivery;

- Slide - mouth. for contracts with long-term performance (machinery and equipment), because at the time of delivery may change significantly commodity prices, discount rates, taxes and duties.

30. The value of foreign trade for the Russian economy in 2009-2011

Form of communication between the producers of products is their trading activities. It provides for the exchange of goods, services and capital between individual countries. Thus, under the foreign trade ponamayut interregional exchange of goods, services and capital (for loans). Development of foreign trade of the Russian Federation due to the fact that it allows a balance between surplus and deficit in the economy. Her role in the households. development of the country, region and the entire international community is increasing. On the one hand, foreign trade has become a powerful factor in eq. growth, and on the other - there was a noticeable increase in dependence on international trade.

31. Dynamics, commodity and geographical structure of foreign trade of the Russian Federation in 2009-2011.

• the share of the country's total gross domestic product of the world fell from 3.4% in 1991 to 1.9% in 1995 - around 10 th place in the world;

• share in world industrial production is less than 4% - 5 position in the world;

• the level of labor productivity in industry (annual output per worker), the country ranked 64th, and in agriculture - 77-th degree in the world ranking.

(Intermediate position in foreign trade).

Geographical structure of foreign trade is a system of distribution of trade flows between countries, groups of countries, formed by the territorial or organizational grounds. Geographical distribution of foreign trade minister suggests expanding relations with the developed countries, and especially with Europe and America, the share of which is quite high in recent years. An increase in trade with Asian countries. Traditionally, the main partner of Germany. Its leadership due to the high quality of goods produced and delivered; relatively low wholesale. prices, proximity, traditional communications, sustainable position of the German mark. Etc. important and stable partners of Russia are the UK, Italy, Spain, the USA, Japan, China. Former social. European countries have tried in the early 90's to refocus its ties to the West, there is an active opposition met and began to make greater use of their traditional technological and productive relationship, proximity, good knowledge of the Russian market.

Commodity structure of Russian foreign trade for many years, virtually unchanged, as does not change and the list of products that provide the greatest currency earnings. In general, the structure of exports is about 4 thousand different types of domestic products. However, the list of goods, which account for all of the major currencies figure comes to no more than ten items, here are primarily oil, gas, wood, non-ferrous metals, and diamonds. Preserved raw orientation. The main imports in 1996 was machinery, which accounted for 32% of total imports. A significant proportion of food and raw materials for its production of chemical products and light industry products.