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Some conjunctions:

att [at]

that

som [såm]

who(m), that, which

eftersom [efter'såm] därför att ['därför]

since

fastän ['fastän]

although

för att

in order to

så att

so that

innan [*inan]

before

om [åm]

if

då [då:]

as

medan [*me:dan]

while

The Swedish word order differs in some way from that of the English language. In English, the word order is straight, except for phrases like "I want to leave", said John. In Swedish, the word order is straight too, as long as the subject + verb aren't preceded by anything in the sentence. But as soon as an expression precedes the subject + verb, the word order gets reversed. It could be any word, an indication of time or place or anything.

Jag kom igår

- Igår kom jag

Jag bor där

- Där bor jag

Man talar svenska i Sverige

- I Sverige talar man svenska

Subordinate clauses

  • In normal clauses the modifier is placed after its verb.

I never come - Jag kommer aldrig I don't come - Jag kommer inte

  • But in a subordinate clause, the modifier is placed before its verb.

He says, that I never come - Han säger, att jag aldrig kommer He says, that I don't come - Han säger, att jag inte kommer

  • The conjunction som is used as English that, who, which

The ball that I look at - Bollen som jag tittar på The person who helped me - Personen som hjälpte mig The person by whom I was helped - Personen som jag hjälptes av That's the house at which we were looking - Det är huset som vi tittade på

Reflexive verbs / pronouns

Reflexive verbs are verbs like to wash oneself. They require a reflexive pronoun. In Swedish they are:

Jag

mig

Du

dig

Han/Hon Den/Det

sig

Vi

oss

Ni

er

De

sig

  • In Swedish, to wash oneself is tvätta sig. Thus, I wash myself would be - Jag tvättar mig etc.

The Imperative

The imperative is used to give orders, like be quiet, come here. It is very easily formed in Swedish. You just take the stem of the verb. The only irregular form is vara whose imperative form is var.

Come here - Kom hit Help me - Hjälp mig Be happy - Var glad

Exercise - Translate the following sentences into Swedish

1 - Yesterday, he washed his big hands, since they were dirty. 2 - Yesterday, he washed himself carefully. 3 - In two days, she will see her brothers and sisters. 4 - If she intend to come, I will help her. 5 - Go there, in order to help your mother. 6 - Buy the big house, although you don't like it.

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