12. Arguable questions of english morphology

1. N – cat of number.

1. 3 houses (3 separate objs) = 3 hours (period of time, measured by a certain unit)

2. waters of the Atlantic; a daughter of snows. Usually pl. Still, we can’t say 3~s.

3. pl can develop a completely new mng: colours (=banner); customs

2. N – cat of case.

1. The theory of positional cases (Nesf, Deutschbein, Bryant) funct-l position of

the N in the sce. 1)Nom (subj);2) Gen (the only inflex-l; 3) Vocative (address)

4) Dat (indir obj); 5) Accus (direct obj)

2. T-ry of prepositional cases (Curme) 2 cases: Dat (to+N,for+N) & Gen (of+N)

BUT: 1) many pr-ns =>cases?? 2) no weak member!!

3. Limited case t-ry. (Sw,Jesp,Smirn,Barkh)–Nom (w) – Poss.most broadly accepted

4. T-ry of the poss-ve postpos-n (Vor-va)–no cases!’s–postp-l el-nt, cB trfmd (’s..of

3. PN – cat of case: accto the West Ap – diff classes. Accto the Rus Ap:

• Nom & Obj: I me,he him,she her,we us,they them,who whom +it,u. WA – sep class

• Com & Gen: somebody, anybody, one, another etc. (’s)

• no catof case: something, some, any, no, my, mine, etc)

4. PN – cat of number:

Diff-ty about myself ourselves, yourself (ves), him-, her-, itself (themselves).

1. the diff-ce btw the first elements – purely lexical;

2. the second element have the suffix of plurality ‘s’

Thus, we brought to a conclusion that ‘ourselves’ is ess-ly a diff wd from ‘myself’.

5. PN – cat of gender.

6. Adj – degrees of comparison:

1. Some linguists don’t include the basic form into the dofcomp. No opp-n?!

2. Some relatives can have dofcomp when used in broader mng – more wooden thev

3. Form-n of ‘more/(the) most diff’

a) analytical degree – 1. The actual mng: more diff=larger, mostd=lar-st.

2. Such adjs like ‘diff’ express quality => can have dofcomp.

b) free syntactic constructions. 1. more/most – sem-ly analogous to less/least.

2. unlike synthetic sup-ve,most can take an indef art(=high,highst

7. V – Tense.

1) O.Jespersen: no future. Only past, pres, perf. shall – obligation, will – volition.

2) Irtenyeva: 1) ts, centring in the pres (pres, pres perf, pres ct, pres perf ct, fut)

2) ts, centring in the past (past, past perf, past ct, past perf ct, fut-in-the-past)

She reduced 3-fold div-n into 2-fold one and included 2 fut ts into the past & pres syst-s

3) A.Korsakov – ts: absolute & anterior (perf corr-n); static & dynamic (ct aspect).

8. V – Time correlation.

1) catof perf – a peculiar tense cat, along with pres and past (Jespersen)

2) COP – a peculiar aspect cat. cm A – perf A – retrospective A (Vorontsova)

3) COP - 1)2). a specific cat of TC (Smirnitsky) + prior to some action & vv

9.V–Voice:1)therflxve(he dressed himself)2)reciprocal(they kissed e.o.)3)middle(door opened

10. V – Aspect: some linguists think cont – not an aspect, but one of the tense forms.

11. Article: zero-A: omission, absence, zero A.

Article : 1) a wd; a pse. 2) a form element; a moprphological formation.

12. Interjection in a sce: 1) outside the sce structure. 2) a kind of parenthesis.