Post-Text Exercises

Exercise 7.1 Read and Translate the Text into Ukrainian

Exercise 7.2 Expand Information about the Text

Make up six questions to the text covering its context in detail, answer these questions.

Exercise 7.3 Increase Your Vocabulary

Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following. Make up sentences with English phrases.

1. to optimize overall performance of the work system;

2. pick-and-place arms;

3. fixed-sequence robot;

4. playback robot;

5. the second generation of robot systems;

6. to minimize the amount of waste, scrap and rework;

7. ingenious innovations;

8. artificial intelligence research.

Exercise 7.4 Read for Specific Information

Express doubt concerning the truth of the following statements, using the following phrases. Give your own variant of the appropriate answer.

Phrases:

I doubt it;

I am not sure of it;

I am not certain;

One never can tell;

One never knows;

Not likely;

I don’t think so.

1. Industrial robotics as a science developed many centuries ago.

2. Industrial robots are classified into five groups.

3. Variable – sequence robot programmed for a given sequence of operations is not easily changed.

4. The second-generation of robot systems incorporate multiply computer processors and multiply arms that can operate asynchronously to perform several functions.

5. The mankind does not anticipate a breath-taking development of industrial robotics in the nearest future.

6. Robots may be manipulators which are useful only in the favourable and safe environment.

Exercise 7.5 Choose the Correct Definitions for Terms

Match each term with its definition. Translate these definitions into Ukrainian.

ROBOTICS	a mechanical device that is operated by remote control.
DEVICE	a process or action that is part of a series in some work.
INNOVATION	a robotic device controlled from a distance by a human operator.
MANIPULATOR	the science or technology of robots, their design, manufacture, application, use, etc.
TELEOPERATOR	mechanical invention or contrivance fore some specific purpose.
OPERATION	something newly introduced, new method, custom, device, etc, change in the way of doing things.

Exercise 7.6 Learn to Write a Summary

Give a short summary of the text in writing

Exercise 7.7 Controlled Practice

1. Copy out –ing forms from the text. Define if they belong to the class of Participle or class of Gerund.

2. Translate given below sentences with Participle and Gerund into Ukrainian.

1. A pioneering mobile robot called Sharkey was developed at Stanford Research Institute from 1967 to 1969.

2. The long history of automation and mechanization as well as science fiction background leading to industrial robotics are well documented.

3. The main intelligent fictions of the first generation of robot systems include programming by showing a sequence of manipulation steps by a human operator using a teach box.

4. Devol’s inventions were harnessed by Joseph Enhelberger who built the first working industrial robot in 1959.

5. To complete a brief historical background it’s necessary to consider robot programming languages.

Exercise 7.8 Focus on Translation

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Промислова робототехніка – відносно новий напрям в науці. Ми знаємо, що він виник декілька десятків років назад.

2. Перші комп’ютерні системи почали з’являтися в п’ятдесятих роках, але тільки з настанням вісімдесятих ряд компаній розробили комерційні системи для промислового застосування.

3. Японія займає перше місце в світі з випуску і використання роботосистем. Робототехніка сприяла приросту виробництва і якісному перетворенню промисловості Японії.

Exercise 7.9 Discussion Point

Talk it over.

1. There are several classes of industrial robots.

   1. What are they?

   2. What are their principles of operation?

2. What is the difference among robot systems of three generation?

Unit 8

Computer Networks in Manufacturing

Pre-reading Task

Answer the following questions:

1 What do you know about computers?

2 It’s advantageous to use computers in manufacturing. Do you agree with it? If yes, give your supporting ideas.

Text

Numerically controlled machine tools, process control, materials tracking and handling, inspec­tion and quality control, manufacturing resource management, and operations planning are all manufacturing systems activities that have been profoundly affected by the introduction of low cost computers and embedded controllers. The collection of these computer systems led to large-scale factory automation and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). As manufacturing systems components become more intelligent, the information exchange between such components must be computerized to avoid bottlenecks in the system. Information ex­change among computerized systems naturally led to computer networks. A manufacturing computer network is a communication system that permits the various devices connected to the network to communicate with each other over distances from several feet to several miles. Computer communication in the factory is done by using local area networks (LANs). All the devices in a factory such as computers, CNC machines, robots, programmable controllers, data collection devices, process controllers, and vision systems are attached to the network.

Initially, computer networks were not developed for manufacturing systems but for com­munication among machines for scientific computing and, later, for the telecommunications industries. The diversity and variation in sophistication of computer systems found in manufacturing systems present computer networking with unique challenges in standardization and industry acceptance. Paradoxically, it is the computerization of manufacturing systems that brought about the largest improvements in manufacturing technologies, quality, and cost containment.

Almost all of the computers used in manufacturing systems are digital computers. The communication among these computers needs to take one or more lines of data (single line or a bus) and represent the two binary states of each line in some physical medium. There are many suitable physical media each with many ways to represent the binary states.

Computer networks may be more important for small manufacturing businesses than for industry giants. The small enterprises constitute an important portion of the national industry, generating about two-thirds of the gross national product (GNP). They lag behind larger corporations in implementing high technology tools. Furthermore, they are growing in number of employees and in their contribution to major manufacturers as suppliers. Thus high technology manufacturing tools especially designed for small enterprises is a significant area of need with many opportunities for improvement