Complete the sentences according to the text:
Emergency preparedness is achieved by … .
Emergency planning is most likely to be successful when … .
The primary goal of the emergency response is … .
The resources of the community include … .
The often expressed opinion “every emergency is unique” is true but … .
It is important to understand that there are different types … .
Reproductive improvisation responds to … .
Adaptive improvisation involves … .
Coordination is required because … .
To perform their functions effectively, efficiently, and promptly requires … .
To ensure adequate emergency preparedness, emergency managers should … .
Emergency assessment consists of … .
Incident management consists of the activities … .
Complete the text with correct word forms:
Russia plans $650bn defence spend up to 2020
e.g. (0) - renew
Eight nuclear submarines, 600 jets and 1,000 helicopters feature
in plans to …(0) Russia's military by 2020, priced at 0. NEW
19tn roubles ($650bn). One hundred warships are also due
to be bought in, …(1) two helicopter carriers, in addition to 1. INCLUDE
two already being purchased from France. The submarines
will carry the Bulava missile, despite recent test …(2) . 2. FAIL
Analysts say the … (3) programme only makes sense 3. AMBITION
if the military upgrades its training and …(4) . 4. RECRUIT
A … (5) drive to streamline the armed forces is already 5. PAIN
under way, with up to 200,000 officers losing their jobs
and nine out of every 10 army units disbanded, the Associated Press
news agency notes. If the … (6) is a success, it will leave Russia 6. RENEW
less reliant on the nuclear arsenal it inherited from the USSR.
"Russia needs a … (7) non-commissioned officer corps 7. PROFESSION
to train specialists who can really put these arms to … (8) use," 8. EFFECT
Pavel Felgenhauer, an … (9) military analyst, told AP. 9. DEPEND
Last week, Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin announced
that spending on defence … (10) would triple from 0.5% 10. DEVELOP
of GDP to 1.5% from next year. The defence spending was detailed
in Moscow on Thursday by First Deputy Defence Minister
Vladimir Popovkin. "The main task is the …(11) of our 11. MODERN
armed forces," he said.
Ten divisions … (12) with the new S-500 anti-missile system 12. EQUIP
are set to become the backbone of the country's missile defences.
New aircraft will include Su-34 and Su-35 fighters, and Mi-26 transport
and Mi-8 gunship helicopters, AP adds.
Repeated failures of the Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile
caused …(13) for Russia, though two 13. EMBARRASS
… (14) tests were reportedly conducted last year. 14. SUCCESS
Practice the pronunciation of the following words before you read:
Citizen, Egypt, Egyptian, armoured, impenetrable, parliament, prosecution, guarantee, discipline, communiqué, purge
Can Egypt's military meet people's demands? (15 February, 2011)
With the toppling of President Hosni Mubarak, Egyptians are turning to their new rulers, the military, for answers to political, social and economic problems.
Egypt's capital Cairo is a city under military rule. While life is getting back to normal and Tahrir Square has been cleared, there are tanks everywhere. In places the soldiers appear to be there for show - to reassure as much as anything else, and to be photographed with smiling citizens. Elsewhere, outside the state radio and television building and around Hosni Mubarak's former residence in the outskirts of the city, the soldiers mean business. They are heavily-armed, ranged behind coils of razor wide, tanks and armoured vehicles parked to form an impenetrable wall barrier.
On Monday, hundreds of blue collar workers gathered at the state TV building hoping to get as much attention as possible for their demands for better pay and working conditions. On printed sheets and banners, specific demands were made: Better pay, fairer contracts, and the sacking of named bosses who they said had personally benefited from the privatisations of public services.
Tamer Fathy, of the Centre for Trade Union and Workers Services, sees demands that are essentially economic or social as being inseparable from the wider demands for political rights. "People are calling for better pay. But behind it is a real anger at corruption, the deals made and bribes paid. The strikers are protesting at this above all."
Activists for Democracy, a coalition that represents protesters, human rights groups and civil society groups, has crystallised what it says are the demands of the revolutionaries that saw off the 30 years of Mubarak rule. These include an interim government, a new constitution and parliament, an end to emergency law and democratic elections within six months. Some of these have been met, others may be in the near future.
But other demands, such as the release of political prisoners and the prosecution of police involved in recent abuses surrounding the protests, may be harder to meet.
Ghada Shahbandar, a board member at the Egyptian Organisation of Human Rights, says: "These are exceptional times. We will have to deal with the military temporarily to guarantee the political and social rights we are demanding." "Until we have evidence otherwise, we assume that that the army's involvement in politics will be temporary and we have to go along with the current situation."
This trust, however wary, may be unrealistic. The Egyptian military was the backbone of the regime of Hosni Mubarak, it has its own economic interests and may not be the unified and disciplined institution that it seems from the outside.
"We're in a waiting period, waiting for military communiqués seven eight and nine," says Max Rodenbeck, the Economist's chief Middle East writer and a long-term Cairo resident. "There are a number of mini-revolts under way in the many key government ministries, and we can expect a series of slow purges in government institutions, perhaps over years," he says.
"One of the many worries is that the military is so isolated from society, that it has been for so long a world unto itself. This was very useful when it had to step in to take control of the situation in a crisis. But does it have the management and communications skills and network to manage this situation?"
The most recent military communiqué gently called on people to go back to work in the national interest. But the authorities may soon find themselves having to declare and enforce a moratorium on strikes.
Exercises: