Вариант 3

Задание 1. Сделать письменный перевод текста.

AVERAGE VERTICAL STRUCTURE

The layer between 10 and 50 km (on the average) is called the stratosphere, and the surface separating troposphere and stratosphere is the troposphere. More precisely, the height of the troposphere varies from about 9 km at the poles to 16 km at the equator. In the lover stratosphere, the temperature is essentially constant with, near the stratosphere, where it immediately increases upward. Higher up, the temperature generally increases with height. The stratosphere, is hydrostatically stable, and therefore poorly mixed and the variables in it tend to tend to be stratified. Also, the stratosphere, contains about 97% of ozone in the atmosphere.

The stratosphere, at about 50km height, separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere, a region where the temperature again falls with height. Here, the lapse rate is positive. This is a region of strong winds, steady from the east in the summer and variable from the west in winter. Also, in this region, ionization is strong enough to reflect very long radiowaves sent up from the surface.

At the top of mesosphere lies the mesopause, the coldest layer of the atmosphere. Here, also, clouds (called noctilucent clouds) are sometimes seen in arctic or antarctic summers. The reason is that the temperature is so low that even the small amount of water there will sometimes freeze.

In the temperature, above the mesopause, the temperature again increases upward, eventually reaching 1,000º and more above 100 km. In the older references, this region in also called the ionosphere because ionization increases to a peak at about 250 km. This region has long been explored by radiowaves. It is controlled by solar activity. When the sum is active, auroras are produced here, as well as disturbances in the electric characteristics of the thermosphere, which are responsible for magnetic storms and difficulties with broadcasting.

Задание 2. В первой колонке найдите русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. wind belt 1.зависеть от чего-либо

2. trade winds 2.опоясывать

3. high pressure zone 3.пояс ветров

4. to have a bearing on 4.постоянство ветров

5. constancy of winds 5.зона высокого давления

6. equatorial troigh 6.западный перенос в средних широтах

7. mid-latitude westerlies 7.экваториальная зависимость (ложбина)

8. in contrast 8.крупномасштабная конвергенция

9. net convergence 9.иметь отношение к чему-либо

10. encircle 10.в отличии от

11. depend on 11.струйное течение

12. jet stream 12.пассаты

Задание 3. Укажите буквой английские эквиваленты приведенных слов:

1.движение a. gradient 7.however a. так-как

b. motion b. однако

c. surface c. поэтому

2.сила a. pressure 8.perhaps a. вероятно

b. rotation b. следовательно

c. force c. соответственно

3.отклонять a. deflect 9.but a. но

b. depict b. затем

c. affect c. так-как

4. взаимообмен a. penetration 10.towards a. в направлении к

b. flow b. по отношению к

c. interchange c .в связи с

5. пассаты a. monsoons 11.sometimes a. иногда

b. westerlies b. всегда

c. trade-winds c. никогда

6. происходить a. operate 12.same a. несколько

b.take place b. этот же самый

c. account for c. некоторый

Задание 4. Составить 5 вопросов по тексту.