Lesson 2 Suppositories

Text: Suppositories

Grammar: The Subjective Infinitive Complex

І. Active Vocabulary

rectum (pl recta) urethra (pl -thrae) to dissolve solid laxative glycerin hemorrhoids moisturizer aspirin opiate defecation to expel finger cot fingernail gynecological ailment candidiasis pellet syringe pessary greasy base to melt anus flatulence glycerol stomach upset

['rektqm] [jV'rJTrq] [dI'zPlv] ['sPlId] ['lxksqtIv] ['glIsqrIn] ['hemqrOIdz] ['mOIsCq"raIzq] ['xsprIn] ['qVpIIt] ["defI'keIS(q)n] [Ik'spel] ['fINgq"kPt] ['fINgq"neIl] ["gaInqkq'lPGIkql] ['eIlmqnt] ["kandI'daIqsIs] ['pelIt] ['sIrInG] ['pesqrI] ['grJzI] [beIs] [melt] ['eInqs] ['flxCVlqns] ['glIsq"rPl] ['stAmqk Ap'set]

пряма кишка сечовипускальний канал, уретра розчиняти(ся) тверде тіло проносний засіб гліцерин геморой зволожувач аспірин опіат випорожнення, дефекація виштовхувати, викидати, видаляти резиновий напальчник ніготь пальця (руки) гінекологічний нездужання, нездоров’я, хвороба кандидоз гранула, драже, пігулка, пастилка шприц; спринцівка песарій, маткове кільце жирний, сальний, засалений основа танути, плавити(ся), розтоплювати(ся) анус, анальний отвір, задній прохід метеоризм, скупчення газів у шлунку чи кишечнику; спучування, здуття гліцерин розлад шлунка

II. Read the following text. Suppositories

A suppository is a drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository) or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves. They are used to deliver both systemically-acting and locally-acting medications.

The general principle is that the suppository is inserted as a solid, and will dissolve inside the body to deliver the medicine pseudo received by the many blood vessels that follow the larger intestine.

Rectal suppositories are commonly used for:

• laxative purposes, with chemicals such as glycerin or bisacodyl;

• treatment of hemorrhoids by delivering a moisturizer or vasoconstrictor;

• delivery of many other systemically-acting medications, such as promethazine or aspirin;

• general medical administration purposes: the substance crosses the rectal mucosa into the bloodstream; examples include paracetamol (acetaminophen), diclofenac, opiates, and eucalyptol suppositories.

N on-laxative rectal suppositories are to be used after defecation, so as not to be expelled before they are fully dissolved and the substance is absorbed. The use of an examination glove or a finger cot can ease insertion by protecting the rectal wall from fingernail(s).

Vaginal suppositories are commonly used to treat gynecological ailments, including vaginal infections such as candidiasis.

Urethral suppositories. Alprostadil pellets are urethral suppositories used for the treatment of severe erectile dysfunction. Its use has diminished since the development of oral impotence medications.

Liquid suppository involves injecting a liquid, typically a laxative, with a small syringe, into the rectum.

The alternative term for delivery of medicine via rectal, vaginal or urethral routes is pharmaceutical pessary.

Constituents. Some suppositories are made from a greasy base, such as cocoa butter, in which the active ingredient and other excipients are dissolved; this grease will melt at body temperature (this may be a source of discomfort for the patient, as the melted grease may pass through the anus during flatulences). Other suppositories are made from a water soluble base, such as polyethylene glycol. Suppositories made from polyethylene glycol are commonly used in vaginal and urethral suppositories. Glycerin suppositories are made of glycerol and gelatin.

Indications. Suppositories may be used for patients in the event it may be easier to administer than tablets or syrups. Suppositories may also be used when a patient has a vomiting tendency, as oral medication can be vomited out. Drugs which often cause stomach upset, for example diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) are better tolerated in suppository form.

Answer the following questions on the text.

1. What drug presentation is called a “suppository”?

2. Are suppositories used to deliver systemically-acting or locally-acting medications?

3. What purposes are rectal suppositories used for?

4. May paracetamol be administered in rectal suppositories?

5. Why are non-laxative rectal suppositories used after defecation?

6. What purposes are vaginal and urethral suppositories used for?

7. What is the alternative term for delivery of medicine via rectal, vaginal or urethral routes?

8. What are the usual constituents of suppositories?

9. Suppositories made from polyethylene glycol are commonly used in vaginal and urethral suppositories, aren’t they?

10. When may suppositories be used?

III. Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

I. Read the following transcriptions. Write them in words and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

[sq'pPzIt(q)rI], ['sjHdqV], ['blAd"vesl], ['kemIk(q)l], ['glIs(q)rIn], ["veIzqVkqn'strIktq], [prqV'meTq"zJn], ['pE:pqs], [mjH'kqVsq], ["parq'sJtqmPl], [q"sJtq'mInqfen], ["jHkq'lIptqVl], [I'rektaIl], ['Impqtqn(t)s], ['lIkwId], ['vaIq], ['kqVkqV 'bAtq], ["pPlI'eTIlJn 'glaIkql], [dI'klOfqnqk 'sqVdIqm].

II. Give English equivalents of the following words and word-combinations.

Ректальний супозиторій; піхвова свічка; ліки місцевої дії; товстий кишечник; слизова оболонка прямої кишки; абсорбувати; оглядова рукавичка; полегшувати введення; захистити ректальну стінку; активний інгредієнт; інертний наповнювач (середовище для ліків); джерело дискомфорту; етиленгліколь; желатин; у випадку; таблетка; сироп; схильність до блювання; переносити (витримувати).

II. Say is the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true.

1. A suppository is a drug delivery system that is inserted into the mouth (oral suppository), ear (otic suppository) or nose (nasal suppository), where it dissolves.

2. Suppositories are used to deliver exclusively locally-acting medications.

3. Rectal suppositories are used for laxative purposes only.

4. Rectal suppositories may be used for the treatment of hemorrhoids by delivering a moisturizer or vasoconstrictor.

5. Non-laxative rectal suppositories are to be used after urination.

6. Vaginal suppositories are commonly used to treat gynecological ailments, including vaginal infections such as candidiasis.

7. Diclofenac pellets are urethral suppositories used for the treatment of severe erectile dysfunction.

8. Suppositories can be made either from a greasy base or from a water soluble base.

9. Glycerin suppositories are made of cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.

10. Suppositories may be used for patients in the event it may be easier to administer than tablets or syrups.