- •1. The subject of lexicological investigation
- •2. Types of vocabulary units
- •3. The position of lexicology in the language hierarchy. Links with other linguistic sciences
- •2.The theory of a word (mid 50s, professor Smirnitsky)
- •3.The morphemic structure of a word.
- •2.The notion of a word-building pattern (wbp) as a two-facet linguistic unit
- •3.Productivity (pr) of word-building patterns
- •4.The basic types of word-building in present day English
- •1. Language meaning: lexical (lm) and grammatical meaning (gm)
- •2. The definition of lm according to the referential approach
- •4. Development of new meanings Causes:
- •1. The nature of polysemy
- •2. A lexico-semantic variant (lsv), its notion
- •1. The definition of synonyms
- •4. The dominant synonym.
- •2. Causes of phraseological units.
- •1. General Characteristics of „the English Language in Different Parts of the English-Speaking World
- •2. Lexical Differences of Territorial Variants
- •3. Local Dialects in the British Isles
- •4. Local Dialects in the usa
- •1) Comment on the terms:
- •2.Explain the basis for the following jokes:
- •3. Specify lexical and grammatical meaning of the following words:
- •4.1Dentify the denotative and connotative elements of the meanings in the following pairs of words:
- •5.Define the type of transference which has taken place:
- •2.Write out from a dictionary all the meanings of the following words. Comment on the semantic structure of the words:
- •3.Single out the denotative and connotative components of meaning of the synonyms in the following examples:
- •4.Using the semantic criterion prove that the rows of words are synonyms:
- •5.Find the dominant synonym in the following groups of synonyms:
- •7.Find antonyms for the words given below:
- •8.Change the sentences so that they express the contrary meaning by using antonyms. State whether they are absolute or derivational:
- •9.Find antonyms in the proverbs. Translate them into Russian:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents of the phraseological units. Memorize them and use them in speech:.
- •7.Give the English equivalents for the following Russian proverbs:
- •8.Complete the following sentences, using the phraseological units given in the list below. Translate them into Russian.
- •12.Complete the paired phraseological units in the sentences below. Choose from the following:
- •7.The italicized words and word-groups in the following extracts belong to informal style. Describe the stylistic peculiarities of each extract in general. Look up unfamiliar words in the dictionary:
- •8.Compose the following brief situations. Your language and style should suit both the subject and the situation:
- •2.Find:
- •3.Јxplain the differences in the meanings of the following words in American and British English:
- •4.1Dentify the etymology of the following words:
- •5.Say which of the two words is American and which is British. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •6.Translate into English giving two variants - British and American:
- •7. Translate the following sentences:
4.Using the semantic criterion prove that the rows of words are synonyms:
angry - furious - enraged, to shout - to yell - to roar, fear - terror - horror, to cry - to weep - to sob, to walk - to trot - to stroll, to desire - to wish - to want, to like - to admire -to worship.
5.Find the dominant synonym in the following groups of synonyms:
1. to glimmer - to glisten - to blaze - to shine - to sparkle - to flash - to gleam. 2. To astound - to surprise - to amaze - to puzzle -to astonish.
3. to saunter - to stroll - to wander - to walk - to roam.
4. scent - perfume - smell -odour - aroma.
5. to brood - to reflect - to meditate - to think.
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6.Comment on the stylistic usage of the synonyms. Point out euphemistic, archaic, poetical and dialectal synonyms:
Girl - lass, pretty - bonny, shut up! -hush!, stomach - belly, foolish - unwise, also
eke, lake - mere, trousers - unmentionables, possible - feasible, gay - blithe, evening -eventide, yes - aye, musician - minstrel, bomb
device.
7.Find antonyms for the words given below:
good, deep, narrow, clever, young, to love, to reject, to give, strong, to laugh, joy, evil, up, slowly, black, sad, to die, to open, clean, darkness, big.
8.Change the sentences so that they express the contrary meaning by using antonyms. State whether they are absolute or derivational:
1. All the seats were occupied. 2. The room was lighted by the strong rays of the sun. 3. He added three hundred to the sum. 4. I came in while you were asleep. 5. The door was closed and locked. 6. Light curtains hung
on the windows. 7. The little boy was outside the car. 8. He drew two crooked lines.
9.Find antonyms in the proverbs. Translate them into Russian:
1. After a storm comes a calm. 2. A god beginning makes a good ending. 3. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. 4. Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. 5. Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 6. Faults are thick when love is thin. 7. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
lO.Make up a complete analysis of the homonyms in italics. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. He couldn't bear to speak. First catch your bear and then divide the skin. They both, bare-armed, descended the hill. 2. All of them bowed low. It is the hour when from the boughs the nightingale's high note is heard. Before them stood an Indian with an arrow and a bow. 3. She rose too. The white lane wound down the hill between tall rows of elms. When she left the room, an odour of rose lingered about the nursery.
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ll.Give as many examples of euphemisms as possible for the words:
to die, devil, God, be pregnant, a lavatory, poor, mad, stupid, drunk, prison.
Theme 6: English Phraseology
1.Comment on the terms:
phraseological unit, semantic criterion, structural criterion, thematic/ etymological classification, phraseological combinations, unities, fusions, Smirnitsky's classification, contextual analysis, Koonin's classification.
2.Translate the following false idioms:
To see eye to eye with, to lead by the nose, wind in the head, to stretch one's legs, to throw dust in smb's eyes, to stew in one's own juice, to put/ throw salt on smb's tail, more dead than alive, to pin back smb's ears, to pull the devil by the tail, a heart of oak, to pass the time of the day, to make good time, backward(s) and forward(s), to be in the dark, to be in the black.
3.Consult the dictionary and state the meaning and origin of the following phraseological units. Translate them into Russian.
Cut the Gordian knot, shed crocodile tears, Hercules' labour, Solomon's judgement, the sword of Damocles, cross the Rubicon, Juda's kiss, the massacre of the innocents, thirty pieces of silver, Achilles' heel.
4.Explain the meaning of the following phraseological units. Use them in sentences of your own.
The apple of discord, a dog in the manger, grass widow, talk through one's hat, pull somebody's leg, in the twinkling of an eye, between two fires, at the top of the ladder, snake in the grass, hot head, blue stocking, beat about the bush, back the wrong horse, play first (second) fiddle.
5.Complete the following similes, using words from the list below. Translate them into Russian.
As merry (lively) as... as large as... as drunk as...
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as like as.
as mad as.
as neat as.
as old as.
as pale as.
as slippery as.
As fit as... as black as...
As clear as... as bold as...
As busy as... as ugly as...
As dead as... as true as...
As fat as... as cold as...
As innocent as... as plain as...
As sure as...
(a babe unborn, day, fiddle, cricket, door-nail, steel, a bee, butter, eggs is eggs, an eel, a ghost, a new pin, two peas, the hills, a March hare, a lord, a crow, brass, life, sin, two and two make four)