- •Вінницький державний педагогічний університет імені михайла коцюбинського
- •“Теоретична граматика англійської мови”
- •Пояснювальна записка
- •What is language (Definitions)
- •Objectives of Linguistics
- •Human language peculiarities
- •3.2 Communicative versus informative
- •3.3 Unique properties of the human language
- •Study questions
- •What is language (Definitions)
- •The Longman Dictionary defines it as:
- •Objectives of Linguistics
- •3.1. Human language peculiarities
- •Communicative versus informative
- •Unique properties of the human language
- •Displacement
- •Arbitrariness
- •Productivity
- •Cultural transmission
- •Discreteness
- •Duality
- •Other properties
- •Study questions
- •Competence and performance
- •1. The scope of grammar
- •2. Types of grammar
- •3. Grammatical analysis
- •4. Methods of linguistic analysis
- •4.1 Oppositional analysis
- •4.2. Distributional analysis
- •4.3 Ic analysis
- •4.4 Transformational analysis
- •The notion of grammatical opposition
- •2. Transposition of grammatical forms
- •3.Polysemy, homonymy and synonymy in grammar
- •Polysemy
- •Homonymy
- •3.3 Synonymy
- •I came I did come
- •1. General Characteristics of the Word and Word Structure
- •Morphemes and Morphs: Boundaries between Morphemes and Morphs
- •3.Word as a Linguistic Unit
- •4.Lexical and Grammatical Words
- •5.Words and Lexemes
- •E.G. Consider the pairs
- •Study questions and tasks
- •Basic assumptions of external linguistic analysis
- •1. The domains of grammatical studies
- •2. Basic assumptions of the external analysis
- •2.1 Communicative and expressive functions
- •2.2 Linguistic signs: types and properties
- •2.3 Sign systems
- •Index Icon Symbol
- •3. Communicative context
- •4. Language and Thought
- •1. System and Structure
- •Identify predication lines to divide the sentence into constituent parts.
- •Make a scheme to show the relations between sentence parts.
- •Define the constituents of each sentence.
- •1. Provide extended answers to the following questions:
- •2. Explain the following statement:
- •3. Match the parts of the statements to characterize the linguistic notions under consideration
- •Seminar 4
- •The language-particular level and the general level.
- •Grammaticalisation.
- •Prototypical and non-prototypical grammatical categories.
- •2. Grammaticalisation
- •3. Prototypical and non-prototypical grammatical categories
- •Contents Lecture Materials
Basic assumptions of external linguistic analysis
OUTLINE
The domains of grammatical studies
Basic Assumptions of Linguistic Analysis
Communicative and expressive functions
Linguistic signs: types and properties
Sign systems
Communicative context
Language and thought
Part 2
Topics for class discussion
Key terms: communicative function, expressive (representative) function, referentiality, extralingual referents, nomination, signification, nominators, significators, indexical sign, iconic sign, symbolic sign, semiotics, verbal thinking, communicative context, macro context, micro context, verbalization
Recommended reading:
Blokh M.Y. A Course of Theoretical English Grammar. – M: Высшая школа, 1983. – pp. 6-9.
Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics // Ed. Dirven R. - Amsterdam, 1998
Morokhovskay E.J. Fundamentals of Theoretical English Grammar. – Kiev: Vysca Skola, 1984. – pp.3-12
O’Grady W., Dobrovolsky M., et al. Contemporary Linguistics. – NY: St Martin’s Press, 1994. – pp. 1-17
1. The domains of grammatical studies
Linguistics is the scientific study of human languages which is characterized by the systemic approach to the object of its investigation. The factological and taxonomic approach of the past cannot satisfy the requirements of the modern linguistic analysis of the essential characteristics in the organization of human language and its functioning. Human languages are regarded as complex objects of reality. The complexity of human language as the object under consideration and its specificity predetermine the cooperation of linguistic disciplines each of which outlines its sphere of analysis and pursues its own goals in the complete and thorough investigation of linguistic objects.
Modern English grammar as the main linguistic discipline which studies the grammatical structure of language is based in its theoretical assumptions on the fundamental principles of the scientifically consistent theories of General grammar.
Grammar is a branching discipline. It means that this discipline is represented by a number of concrete grammatical studies which have particular grammatical facts in view, proceed from the assumptions of concrete linguistic theories and implement appropriate methods in their practical analysis of grammatical facts.
There are evidently two opposite directions in approaching the language: external and internal. These orientations of linguistic analysis are crucial for distinguishing the two different types of grammars. On the one hand, there are grammatical studies which resort to the principles of the external linguistic analysis and therefore focus their attention on the investigation of the functional peculiarities of human languages.
Thus, on the other hand, the language structure oriented grammars are based on the fundamental assumptions of the internal linguistic analysis. (The given subdivision of grammars in accordance with their orientation seems conventional because both foundations are essential for the adequate grammatical exposition of linguistic facts. Nevertheless it is reasonable to consider separately some of the main assumptions of the external internal linguistic analysis which lay foundations for the Functional and Structural grammars respectively).