Grammar exercises

13. Read and translate. Pay attention to the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense. Write the first two principal forms of these verbs.

1. The tree has fallen across the road.2. Have you ever been to London? 3. Have you seen the new film already? 4. I haven’t seen him lately. 5. How long have you been married? 6. She hasn’t thought of it yet. 7. Have you finished the work yet? 8. I’ve known her since 1999. 9. Modern technology has brought about enormous improvements in communications. From education to advertising this new technology has affected practically every aspect of our life. 10. The Internet has been a global system of interconnected computer networks for some decades. The Internet has changed the communication as we know it: it has connected us to other computers allowing us “to chat” with people all over the world. It has also created new spheres of economic activities such as electronic stock exchange market and electronic commerce and shopping.

14. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect Tense. Translate into Russian.

to widen to become to be to apply to work to play to open to generate

1. Computer technology … a variety of opportunities for people who are creative risk-takers. 2. As with all modern scientific and technological endeavours, computer and software …. an increasingly important role. 3. The computer …. an integral part of modern everyday life. 4. As the computer became very accessible, the sphere of its use …. significantly. 5. The explosive impact of computers and information technology on our everyday lives …. a need to design and develop new computer software systems. 6. Computer software engineers …. the principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many applications. 7. Computer hardware engineers …. exclusively with computers and computer-related equipment. The rapid advances in computer technology … largely a result of the research, development, and design efforts of computer hardware engineers.

15. Speak on computer technology, the work of computer software engineers and computer hardware engineers, and the Internet (use 5-6 sentences).

16. Read and translate. Copy out the sentences with the verb to have and define its form.

Virtual reality (VR) is an interface that takes you inside a world created or replicated by a computer. You don a headpiece equipped with stereo-vision color monitors and a sensor that keeps track of your head movements. Turn around and you see what is behind you; look up and down and you see what lies above and below. Put on a VR glove – as you have seen in si-fi films – and you can manipulate objects. VR has applications ranging from exercise (there’s already a flying bicycle, modeled after the one in the film ET) to marketing (teenagers are invited to shop in VR malls) to pornography (with ethicists discussing the prospect of sexual encounters between people thousands of miles apart who have never met and may not even look the way they choose to present themselves via VR). It also has the potential to democratize the space program. Once VR is up and running on the average home computer, a space probe will be transmitting back from the canyons of Mars or icebergs of Ganymede not just pictures, but entire environments that millions can explore. Not just a few intrepid astronauts but everybody could “be there”.