- •Unit V grammar The main forms of the verbs
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the past form of the verbs, arrange them according to the pronunciation of the endings:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences.
- •3. Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there? / there weren’t / were there?
- •4. Open the brackets, use the Present Indefinite Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Read and translate the text about scientists’ observations of the origin of thunderstorm.
- •6. ‘Jigsaw reading’. Put the sections of this story into the correct order. Read, translate and give its short summary.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Местоимение other и его производные (other and its derivatives – another, the others, others)
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Read, translate and explain the usage of the word other and its derivatives.
- •9. Choose the right variant.
- •The Past Participle
- •Grammar exercises
- •10. Write three forms of the following verbs.
- •11. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Translate the following text. Chose the right variant given below: the Participle I or the Participle II.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •13. Read and translate. Pay attention to the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense. Write the first two principal forms of these verbs.
- •14. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •15. Speak on computer technology, the work of computer software engineers and computer hardware engineers, and the Internet (use 5-6 sentences).
- •16. Read and translate. Copy out the sentences with the verb to have and define its form.
- •17. Write for or since. Translate into Russian.
- •18. Put the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate these sentences.
- •19. Translate into English.
- •20. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Active Vocabulary
- •26. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •27. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •28. Read and translate the following text to learn about the origin of science. Origin of Science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •30. Match each word in a with the Russian equivalent in b:
- •31. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •32. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
- •33. Answer the following questions:
- •34. Complete the following sentences:
12. Translate the following text. Chose the right variant given below: the Participle I or the Participle II.
Comet is a small icy body (1) ____ of a central nucleus similar to a dirty snowball because it consists of ice (2) ____ with dust. As the comet approaches the sun its nucleus heats (3) ____ gas.
Most comets swing around the sun and return to distant space, never (4) ____ again. Yet some comets (5) ____ periodic comets have their positions (6) ____ by gravitational pull of the planets, which makes them reappear every 200 years or less. Periodic comets are thought to come from the Kupier belt, a zone (7) ____ just beyond Neptune. Out of 800 comets with calculated orbits about 160 are periodic. The one with the shortest known orbit is Encke’s comet (8) ____ the Sun every 3.3 years.
1. A) consisting B) consisted C) being consisted
2. A) mixing B) mixed C) having been mixed
3. A) having released B) released C) releasing
4. A) being seen B) seen C) to be seen
5. A) called B) having called C) calling
6. A) altering B) to have altered C) altered
7. A) located B) locating C) having located
8. A) having orbited B) orbited C) orbiting
12. Translate into English.
A. Оставленная книга; прочитанное письмо; отправленные телеграммы; неизвестный художник; увиденный фильм; неожиданная встреча; проведенное исследование; сильно поврежденная нога; сделанная работа; открытая конференция; хорошо оплачиваемая работа; услышанная новость; переведенный текст; полученное сообщение; проведенный эксперимент; описанный метод; полученные результаты; планетарий, расположенный в центре нашего города.
The Present Perfect Tense
Времена Perfect могут употребляться в одном из двух значений:
а) законченное действие, имеющее результат (Perfect результата);
б) незаконченное действие, которому подводится итог (Perfect периода).
Настоящее совершенное время (the Present Perfect Tense) употребляется:
1. Для выражения действия, совершившегося к настоящему моменту, результат которого имеется налицо. При употреблении Present Perfect говорящий обращает внимание собеседника на результат, вытекающий из совершенного действия, а не на время его совершения. Например: I have broken my pencil. Я сломал свой карандаш.
2. Для выражения как однократного действия, так и действия, повторявшегося несколько раз в прошлом (в предложении могут быть слова often часто, twice два раза и т.п):
I have seen the film three times. Я видел этот фильм три раза.
3. Для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и продолжавшегося до момента речи или все еще продолжающегося в момент речи. Употребляется с предлогами since с или for в течение и с глаголами, которые не употребляются в Continuous:
I haven't heard from him since June. Я не имел от него известий с июня.
4. Для выражения недавно завершившегося действия:
Не has received some letters this week. Он получил несколько писем на этой неделе.
The Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени: ever когда-либо, never никогда, already уже, often часто, just только что, lately недавно (за последние дни, недели), recently недавно (за последние месяцы, годы), yet еще (в отрицаниях), уже (в вопросительных предложениях), а также this week (month) на этой неделе (в этом месяце) и т.д.
Образование the Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have (has) + Participle II смыслового глагола.
positive |
negative |
interrogative |
I (you/we/they) have worked |
I (you/we/they) have not (haven’t) worked |
Have I (you/we/they) worked? |
He (she/it) has worked |
He (she/it) has not (hasn’t) worked |
Has he (she/it) worked? |
Примеры образования специальных и разделительных вопросов:
Who has worked?
Where have you worked? Where has he worked?
You have not worked, have you?
Примеры образования кратких ответов:
Have you worked? – Yes, I have. No, I have not (haven’t).
Has he worked? Yes, he has. No, he has not (hasn’t).
