- •Unit V grammar The main forms of the verbs
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the past form of the verbs, arrange them according to the pronunciation of the endings:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences.
- •3. Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there? / there weren’t / were there?
- •4. Open the brackets, use the Present Indefinite Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Read and translate the text about scientists’ observations of the origin of thunderstorm.
- •6. ‘Jigsaw reading’. Put the sections of this story into the correct order. Read, translate and give its short summary.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Местоимение other и его производные (other and its derivatives – another, the others, others)
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Read, translate and explain the usage of the word other and its derivatives.
- •9. Choose the right variant.
- •The Past Participle
- •Grammar exercises
- •10. Write three forms of the following verbs.
- •11. Translate into Russian.
- •12. Translate the following text. Chose the right variant given below: the Participle I or the Participle II.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •13. Read and translate. Pay attention to the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense. Write the first two principal forms of these verbs.
- •14. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •15. Speak on computer technology, the work of computer software engineers and computer hardware engineers, and the Internet (use 5-6 sentences).
- •16. Read and translate. Copy out the sentences with the verb to have and define its form.
- •17. Write for or since. Translate into Russian.
- •18. Put the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate these sentences.
- •19. Translate into English.
- •20. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Active Vocabulary
- •26. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •27. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:
- •28. Read and translate the following text to learn about the origin of science. Origin of Science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •30. Match each word in a with the Russian equivalent in b:
- •31. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
- •32. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
- •33. Answer the following questions:
- •34. Complete the following sentences:
5. Read and translate the text about scientists’ observations of the origin of thunderstorm.
A). Rewrite all the sentences in the Past Indefinite Tense as the results obtained by these observations.
Model: Thunderstorm is a severe storm of … Thunderstorm was a severe storm of …
Thunderstorm is a severe storm of very heavy rain, thunder (гром), and lightning (молния). The intense heating of the ground surface during summer causes thunderstorms. The warm air rises rapidly to form (и формирует) cumulonimbus clouds (кучево-дождевые облака) with a characteristic anvil-shaped (в форме наковальни) top. Electrical charges accumulate in the clouds and are discharged to the ground as flashes of lightning. Air in the path of lightning becomes heated and expands rapidly, creating shock waves (ударные волны) that we hear as a crush or a rumble of thunder. It is audible up to 15 km away.
The number of seconds between the flash and the thunder are the rough distances between an observer and a lightning. A gap of three seconds represents about a kilometer, five seconds represent about a mile. So we estimate the distance in kilometers as one-third the time in seconds between the lightning and the thunder.
B). Read the text once again. Make up questions to which the following words and word combinations are the answers. Use the verbs in the Past Indefinite Tense.
1. A severe storm of very heavy rain, thunder, and lightning.
2. The intense heating of the ground surface during summer.
3. Cumulonimbus clouds.
4. In the clouds.
5. To the ground.
6. Rapidly.
7. Up to 15 km away.
8. The rough distances between an observer and a lightning
9. As one-third the time in seconds between the lightning and the thunder.
C). Describe the origin of thunderstorm.
6. ‘Jigsaw reading’. Put the sections of this story into the correct order. Read, translate and give its short summary.
A. Marie Skladovskay suspected that in uranium ore there was another radioactive substance as well as uranium. She treated tones of uranium ore and eventually isolated a small quantity of radium chloride. Pierre Curie helped her in this work, which was very time- and labor-consuming as 10 tons of uranium ore contain about 1gr of radium. The Curies were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 (along with Becquerel, who discovered radioactivity in 1896) for this work.
B. Marie Skladovskay (1867-1934) was born in Poland. Her first job was a governess, which she took to pay for her sister’s medical training in France. After her sister qualified Marie also went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne, where she obtained the highest mark in physics. It was there that she met and married Pierre Curie, who was a research scientist.
C. In 1906, Pierre Curie, by then a professor of physics at the Sorbonne, was killed by a horse-drawn carriage and Marie took over his post. She was the first woman to hold this position. In 1911, she received a second Nobel Prize for her discovery of radium and polonium (which she named after Poland). The Curies’ daughter Irene, with her husband Frederic Joliot, also became Nobel Prize winners for chemistry in 1935.