2. Запомните слова и словосочетания.

advancement in technology — технологический прогресс:

residential architecture — архитектура жилищного строительства:

to be intimately linked — быть тесно связанным;

to fill a need— восполнить потребность;

diversification — многообразие, разносторонность;

to articulate - ясно выражать, формулировать;

to come to the fore выйти на передний план

a matter of principle — дело принципа;

bearing elements — несущие элементы;

completed town— застроенный город;

creative imagination — творческое воображение;

to adjust proportions — соблюдать, выдерживать пропорции.

3. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.

Architecture has come a long way since medieval times. Due to in­dustrialization and advancement in technology, the need for specific building types for specific purposes led to some brilliant inventions. most of which happened in the last decades. Great milestones have been achieved in the field of residential as well as commercial archi­tecture.

(Functional factors are extremely important in the meaning of architecture. Unlike the other fine arts, architecture is built for practical Building types are intimately linked with the meaning of archi­tecture. Of course, some buildings are constructed simply to fill a need, while others are intended to be monuments to the concept that the building type embodies. In general, the history of architecture has been one of increasing diversification. with more and more specia­lized buildings for specific functions.]⁰

Functional and structural factors have not always been of primary importance, however. I9^th century architects were concerned to arti­culate the purpose of their buildings in a visible manner through the choice of style. Historical or ideological associations were often the basis of these choices. Architectural forms, like clothing, announced the role of the building in society just as different costumes were asso­ctated with different occupations.

[In the 20^th century, a more utilitarian functionalism came to the fore, emphasizing structural principles over the social uses of the building. Modern architects have considered it a matter of principle not to disguise the bearing elements in a structure, but to reveal and even celebrate them.]⁰

In the completed town it is the buildings which are seen and pro­duce whatever effect, good or bad. is attained: therefore, the problem of a building construction in its final form is an architectural problem, The working out of the exact form is a function of the creative im­agination; and it should be performed by one who has had necessary architectural training to enable him to adjust the proportions of many parts, to design perfect buildings, and group them upon the ground so that when erected they may compose properly, harmonious­ly to constitute the beauty and grandeur of cities.]⁰

(1 860 п.зн. )

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5. Дайте тексту название. Объясните выбор.

Ознакомьтесь с информацией и определите, к каким типам зданий относятся данные сооружения.

Steel Buildings are gigantic metal structures that incorporate steel for both interior as well as exterior support. These buildings are main­ly being constructed for purposes like providing office, storage as well as living space. Steel is a good conductor of heat thus the cost of cool­ing the premises is considerably high. High susceptibility to corrosion owing to atmospheric changes is another limitation.

Storage Buildings are used for storage purposes. There are specific designs for storing, different types of goods such as industrial, elec­tronics, machinery and even food grain and dairy products. A common classification is 'cold storage buildings' used mostly to store dairy, poultry and meat products.

Storage Sheds can be defined as a single-storey structure used for purposes other than residential. These are tall structures and mainly used for mending servicing and storing locomotives, airplanes and vehicles. Storage sheds are also used to stock up non-perishable goods of all kinds which do not need special attention. (880 п.зн.)

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