Vocabulary

arrangement n	-	размещение, расположение
dimensions n	-	размеры, величина
to enclose v	-	окружать, окаймлять
to exaggerate v	-	преувеличивать, чрезмерно подчеркивать
flexible adj	-	гибкий
oblique adj	-	наклонный, косой
raw materials	-	исходные материалы
transition n	-	переход, перемещение
to view v	-	рассматривать

Exercise 1. Return to the text «Elements of Design: Line and Form” to read and translate the international words:

Elements, texture, principles, materials, form, illusion, horizontal, vertical, diagonal, decorative details, figure type, to characterize, radiation, analytically, balance, harmony, proportion, rhythm, special effect.

Exercise 2. Find in the text and translate into Russian in writing the definitions of a design, the principles and the elements.

Exercise 3. Read the text very carefully to answer the questions.

1. Does current fashion influence the elements and principles of design?

2. What is the function of line in designing clothes?

3. How are lines within a garment created?

4. Why are they called the greatest devices of fashion designers?

5. Is it possible to change visually the form of a human body with clothing?

Exercise 4. Respond to the statements orally.

1. Name the main principles of design.

2. Name the elements of design.

3. Name the lines used in making clothes.

4. Name the structural elements which create lines.

5. Name three dimensions which characterize form.

Reading for general understanding.

Text b. Elements of Design: Shapes

Shape describes the outer dimensions or contour of an object. Through clothing design, the shape of the human body is often revealed in a natural way, but sometimes may be distorted.

Every fashion period has a specific shape of garment which once determined can be modified and re-style in design without changing the basic shape of the garment, it is either flare or tight, circular or straight, a line or raglan. It is known that as easy fitting shape of the garment is easily accepted and largely varies as well as remains popular much longer than a tight-fitting garment.

In dress designing there are seven basic shapes – each season adaptations of one or more of these predominates the fashion picture. They are as follows:

Fig.1 Fig.2 Fig.3 Fig.4

Fig.5 Fig.6 Fig.7 Fig.8

1. Rectangle (Fig.1)

Long, straight, hanging in loose, graceful folds such as in Greek and Roman styles; straight line sheaths; tailored suits. Styles with these lines are slenderizing and suitable for the well proportioned, heavier woman.

2. Triangle (Fig. 2)

Examples: Spanish styles. Fitted bodice, bell shaped gently widening skirt.

3. Inverted triangle (Fig. 3)

Examples: Wide shoulders, narrow skirt, dolman or raglan sleeves. A suitable style for large bust.

4. Oval (Fig. 4)

Examples: Draped and softly molded, very feminine and decorative. Good for an ideal figure.

5. Square (Fig. 5)

Examples: Straight or boat shaped neckline, boxy jackets, capes. Good for the very thin figure, can camouflage various figure irregularities.

6. Round (Fig. 6)

Exapmles: Wide, crinoline lined skirts, petal shapes puffed sleeves. This fashion design is the most attractive on the very young and the very thin figure.

7. Hourglass (Fig. 7)

Examples: Wide shoulders, leg of mutton sleeves. Natural or wasp waist. Smooth fit over hips and full skirt at bottom. Good for the tall, thin figure.

8. Combinations

Examples: Outline of any current fashion silhouette can be altered and combined with another, and adapted for the specific figure type.

(to be continued)